1、Chapter 11 The Skin Skin：Epidermis、Dermis 一、Histological structure of skin （一）Keratinizing and layers of Epidermis：A stratified squamous epithelium which consists of keratinocytes and other types of cells(Melanocyte、Merkels cell、Langerhans cell)。Five layers of epidermis and keratinization：1、Stratum
2、Basale 2、Stratum Spinosum 3、Stratum Granulosum 4、Stratum Lucidum 5、Stratum Corneum 1、The Stratum Basale：a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells.2、The Stratum Spinosum：410 layers of cells which become irregularly polygonal with moderate flattening parallel to the surface.nucleus is distingu
3、ishable only in a few cells(keratohyalin、tonofilament)3、The Stratum Granulosum:It consists of 23 layers of flattened rhomboid cells whose cytoplasm contains numerous keratohyalin granules.4、The Stratum Lucidum：23 layers of flattened and densely packed cells.The nuclei and the outline of the structur
4、es are disappear.5、The Stratum Corneum：layers of flattened、cornified cells without nuclei(horny cells)and filled with keratin.（二）Unkeratinocyte(Melanocyte、Merkels cell、Langerhans cell)二、Dermis：consists of connective tissue（掌握）1、The Papillary Layer：loose connective tissue.Dermal papillae、tactile corp
5、uscle 2、The Reticular Layer：more dense and contains coarse collagenous fibers.There are some little structures such as hair follicle、sebaceous glands and sweat glands in this layer.三、Accessory glands of skin.（熟悉）1、Hair：hair shaft、hair root、hair follicle、hair bulb、hair papilla(毛乳头)、arrector pilimuscl
6、e.2、Sebaceous gland 3、Sweat gland：scrine sweat gland 小 apocrine sweat gland 大 毛囊 Chapter 14 Digestive system 一、Generation struction （一）Mucosa：1、Epithelium 2、Lamina propria 3、Muscularis mucosae（二）Submucosa （三）Muscularis （四）Adventitia 三、Esophagus 1.Mucosa(15.9)1).strat.squam.nonkerat.epith.2).lamina p
7、ropria.3).mascularies 2.Submucosa 1.esophageal glands mucus secreting C.Muscularis 1.proximal third:skeletal 2.middle third:mixed 3.distal third:smooth D.Adventitia/Serosa IV.Stomach A.Gross Anatomy 1.cardiac region 2.fundus 3.body 4.pyloric region 5.rugae a.mucosa&submucosa（一）.Mucosa 1.surface epit
8、helium a.simple columnar 2.lamina propria a.gastric pits b.gastric glands(branched tubular)1)chief cells 2)parietal cells 3)mucous neck cells 4)Stem cells:mitotic 5)Endocrine cell Parietal(oxyntic)cells a)pyramidal b)spherical nucleus c)eosinophilic d)mitochondria e)intracellular canaliculus f)micro
9、villi g)secrete HCl,intrinsic factor parietal(oxyntic)cells resting active Zymogenic cells a)rER/basophilic b)synthesize pepsinogen （二）Submucosa （三）Muscularis and Serosa 1.three layers of smooth muscle fibers V.Small Intestine Gross Anatomy 1.regions a.duodenum b.jejunum c.ileum 2.plicae circulares
10、a.mucosa b.submucosa 3.villi(15.20,15.27)a.epithelium b.lamina propria（一）.Mucosa epithelium：intestinal villus small interstinal gland 1.simple columnar 1)absorptive cells brush border(mv)2)goblet cells 3)Paneths cells a)eosinophilic,apical secretory granules b)antibacterial 4)enteroendocrine cells 5
11、)stem cells 图图1414-28 28 小肠腺小肠腺 示潘氏细胞示潘氏细胞(焰红与坚固绿染色）焰红与坚固绿染色）2.Lamina propria a.glands b.capillaries c.lacteals d.smooth muscle fibers e.loose CT f.lymphocytes g.WBCs (二)Submucosa (三）Muscularis and Serosa VI.Large Intestine no folds no villi（一）Colon 1、Mucosa 2、Submucosa 3、Muscularis 4.、Adventitia （二）Appendix A.Similar to large intestine B.Numerous lymph nodules
