1、Designation:E167612Standard Guide forConducting Laboratory Soil Toxicity or BioaccumulationTests with the Lumbricid Earthworm Eisenia Fetida and theEnchytraeid Potworm Enchytraeus albidus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1676;the number immediately following the designation indic
2、ates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laborat
3、orydata to evaluate the adverse effects of contaminants(forexample,chemicals or biomolecules)associated with soil toearthworms(Family Lumbricidae)and potworms(FamilyEnchytraeidae)from soil toxicity or bioaccumulation tests.Themethods are designed to assess lethal or sublethal toxic effectson earthwo
4、rms or bioaccumulation of contaminants in short-term tests(7 to 28 days)or on potworms in short to long-termtests(14 to 42 days)in terrestrial systems.Soils to be testedmay be(1)reference soils or potentially toxic site soils;(2)artificial,reference,or site soils spiked with compounds;(3)site soils
5、diluted with reference soils;or(4)site or referencesoils diluted with artificial soil.Test procedures are describedfor the species Eisenia fetida(see Annex A1)and for thespecies Enchytraeus albidus(see Annex A4).Methods de-scribed in this guide may also be useful for conducting soiltoxicity tests wi
6、th other lumbricid and enchytraeid terrestrialspecies,although modifications may be necessary.1.2 Modification of these procedures might be justified byspecial needs.The results of tests conducted using atypicalprocedures may not be comparable to results using this guide.Comparison of results obtain
7、ed using modified and unmodifiedversions of these procedures might provide useful informationconcerning new concepts and procedures for conducting soiltoxicity and bioaccumulation tests with terrestrial worms.1.3 The results from field-collected soils used in toxicitytests to determine a spatial or
8、temporal distribution of soiltoxicity may be reported in terms of the biological effects onsurvival or sublethal endpoints(see Section 14).These proce-dures can be used with appropriate modifications to conductsoil toxicity tests when factors such as temperature,pH,andsoil characteristics(for exampl
9、e,particle size,organic mattercontent,and clay content)are of interest or when there is aneed to test such materials as sewage sludge and oils.Thesemethods might also be useful for conducting bioaccumulationtests.1.4 The results of toxicity tests with(1)materials(forexample,chemicals or waste mixtur
10、es)added experimentallyto artificial soil,reference soils,or site soils,(2)site soilsdiluted with reference soils,and(3)site or reference soilsdiluted with artificial soil,so as to create a series ofconcentrations,may be reported in terms of an LC50(medianlethal concentration)and sometimes an EC50(m
11、edian effectconcentration).Test results may be reported in terms of NOEC(no observed effect concentration),LOEC(lowest observedeffect concentration)or as an ECx(concentration where x%reduction of a biological effect occurs.Bioaccumulation testresults are reported as the magnitude of contaminant conc
12、en-tration above either the Day 0 tissue baseline analysis or theDay 28 tissues from the negative control or reference soil(thatis,2x,5x,10 x)(see A3.9).1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:Scope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Interferences6Apparatus7Safety P
13、recautions8Soil9Test Organism10Procedure11Analytical Methodology12Acceptability of Test13Calculation of Results14Report15AnnexesAnnex A1.Eisenia fetidaAnnex A2.Artificial Soil CompositionAnnex A3.Bioaccumulation Testing Utilizing Eisenia fetidaAnnex A4.Enchytraeid Reporduction Test(ERT)References1.6
14、 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.An ASTM g
15、uide is defined as a series of options or instructions that do notrecommend a specific course of action.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E167604.DOI:10.1520/E1676-12.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr
16、Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.While some safetyconsiderations are included in this guide,it is beyond the scopeof this standard to encompass all safety requirements necessaryto
