1、Designation:E136611(Reapproved 2016)Standard Practice forStandardized Aquatic Microcosms:Fresh Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1366;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining dataconcerning toxicity and other effects of a test material to amulti-trophic level freshw
3、ater community.1.2 These procedures also might be useful for studying thefate of test materials and transformation products,althoughmodifications and additional analytical procedures might benecessary.1.3 Modification of these procedures might be justified byspecial needs or circumstances.Although u
4、sing appropriateprocedures is more important than following prescribedprocedures,results of tests conducted using unusual proceduresare not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests.Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodifiedversions of these procedures might provide us
5、eful informationconcerning new concepts and procedures for conducting multi-trophic level tests.1.4 This practice is arranged as follows:SectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Practice4Significance and Use5Apparatus6Facilities6.1Container6.2Equipment6.3Hazards7Microcosm Components8Medium
6、8.1Medium Preparation8.2Sediment8.3Microcosm Assembly8.4Test Material9General9.1Stock Solution9.2Nutrient Control9.3Test Concentration(s)9.4Test Organisms10Algae10.1Animals10.2Specificity of Organisms10.3Sources10.4Algal Culture Maintenance10.5Animal Culture Maintenance10.6SectionProcedure11Experime
7、ntal Design11.1ProcedureInoculation11.2Culling11.3Addition of Test Material11.4Measurements11.5Reinoculations11.6Analytical Methodology12Data Processing13Calculations of Variables from Measurements14Statistical Analyses15Acceptability of Test16Interpretation of Results17Report18AnnexAnnex A1Appendic
8、esRelationship of MediaAppendix X1Statistical GuidanceAppendix X21.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is th
9、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD
10、3978 Practice for Algal Growth Potential Testing withPseudokirchneriella subcapitataE729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphib-iansE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental Fate1This practice is under the jurisdi
11、ction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environ-mental Assessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and EnvironmentalFate.Current edition approved Feb.1,2016.Published May 2016.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition ap
12、proved in 2011 as E1366 11.DOI:10.1520/E1366-11R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM
13、International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material toAquatic Organisms and Their UsesE1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aque-ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates
14、,and AmphibiansE1193 Guide for Conducting Daphnia magna Life-CycleToxicity TestsIEEE/SI 10 American National Standard for Use of theInternational System of Units(SI):The Modern MetricSystem3.Terminology3.1 The words“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”have very specific meanings in this practice.“M
15、ust”is used toexpress an absolute requirement,that is,to state that the testought to be designed to satisfy the specific condition,unless thepurpose of the test requires a different design.“Must”is onlyused in connection with factors that directly relate to theacceptability of the test(see Section 1
16、7).“Should”is used tostate that the specified condition is recommended and ought tobe met in most tests.Although a violation of one“should”israrely a serious matter,violation of several will often render theresults questionable.Terms such as“is desirable,”“is oftendesirable,”and“might be desirable”are used in connectionwith less important factors.“May”is used to mean“is(are)allowed to,”“can”is used to mean“is(are)able to,”and“might”is used to mean“could possibly.”Thus,the classicdistinction betw
