1、Designation:E149892(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forConducting Sexual Reproduction Tests with Seaweeds1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1498;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revis
2、ion.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratorydata concerning the adverse effects of a test material added todilution water on
3、 sexual reproduction by seaweeds.Theexposure duration is species dependent and is followed by aperiod of development to allow the evidence of sexual repro-duction to appear.There is no exposure to toxicants during thedevelopment period.This restricts the tests primarily to theevents surrounding egg
4、fertilization,and it minimizes anytimelag effects on development that might interfere withcorrect enumeration of the number of sexual events thatoccurred.These procedures will probably be useful for con-ducting sexual reproduction toxicity tests with a variety ofspecies of seaweeds,although modifica
5、tions might be neces-sary.1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justi-fied by special needs or circumstances.Although using appro-priate procedures is more important than following prescribedprocedures,the results of tests conducted using unusual pro-cedures are not likely to be compa
6、rable to those of many othertests.Comparison of the results obtained using modified andunmodified versions of these procedures might provide usefulinformation concerning new concepts and procedures forconducting sexual reproduction tests with seaweeds.1.3 These procedures are applicable to most chem
7、icals,either individually or in formulations,commercial products,and known mixtures or whole effluents,as well as for use intesting surface waters.With appropriate modifications,theseprocedures can be used to study the effects of temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH,and such materials as leachates,oils,p
8、articulate matter,and sediments.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:SectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Apparatus6Facilities6.1Construction Materials6.2Test Chambers6.3Cleaning6.4Acceptabi
9、lity6.5Hazards7Dilution and Culture Water8Requirements8.1Source and Treatment8.2Test Material9Single Chemicals9.1Stock Solutions9.2Effluents and Surface Waters9.3Test Concentrations9.4Test Organism10Species10.1Life Stage10.2Source10.3Culture Nutrient Medium10.4Procedure11Preparation of Plants for a
10、Test11.1Test Conditions11.2Experimental Design11.3Acceptability of Test12Calculation of Results13Documentation14Keywords15AppendixX11.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish
11、 appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardsstatements,see 6.4 and Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units(SI)(the Modernized Metric System
12、)(Withdrawn 1997)3E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphib-ians1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and CorrectiveActionand is the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee E5
13、0.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Published January 2013.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1498 92(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1498-92R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM C
14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,We
15、st Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental FateE1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material toAquatic Organisms and Their UsesE1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aque-ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fish
16、es,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphibians3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The words“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”have very specific meanings in this guide.“Must”isused to express an absolute requirement,that is,to state that thetest ought to be designed to satisfy the specified condition,unless the purpose of the test requires a different design.“Must”is used only in connection with factors that relatedirectly to the acceptability of the test(see Section 12).“Should”is used to state that th
