1、Designation:E235007(Reapproved 2013)1Standard Guide forIntegration of Ergonomics/Human Factors into NewOccupational Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2350;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the
2、 year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially corrected the Appendix in February 2015.1.Scope1.1 This guide is intended to assist in the integration oferg
3、onomic principles into the design and planning of newoccupational systems from the earliest design stages throughimplementation.Doing so may reduce or eliminate the neces-sity for later redesign that could have been foreseen.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if
4、any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 administrative controls,nwork practices and poli-cies that
5、 are implemented with the objective of enhancinghuman well-being and overall system performance through theway work is assigned or scheduled;examples may be found inAppendix X1.2.1.2 benchmarking,videntifying of best practices againstwhich to compare the effectiveness of a process or design;examples
6、 may be found in Appendix X1.2.1.3 business outcome,nrequired products or services orboth,that is,the desired and essential qualities and quantities ofthe end product of the occupational system.2.1.4 design team,ndepartments or individuals or bothinvolved in or consulted during the design process in
7、cludingrepresentatives of those who are involved or affected by thedesign;examples may be found in Appendix X1.2.1.5 engineering controls,nphysical changes to jobs thatare implemented with the objective of enhancing humanwell-being and overall system performance through the designand modification of
8、 the work equipment,facilities,orprocesses,or combinations thereof;examples may be found inAppendix X1.2.1.6 ergonomics/human factors,nscientific disciplineconcerned with the understanding of interactions among hu-mans and other elements of a system and the profession thatapplies theory,principles,d
9、ata,and methods to design tooptimize human well-being and overall system performance.(International Ergonomics Society)2.1.7 job,nset of tasks performed by one or more work-ers.2.1.8 knowledge base,norganized body of informationapplicable to the integration of ergonomics into new occupa-tional syste
10、ms including both general ergonomic resources,such as those found in the bibliography,and the experiences ofthe organization.2.1.8.1 general knowledge base,nergonomic textbooks,guidelines,recommendations,reports of other companiesergonomic programs,and so forth.2.1.8.2 internal knowledge base,norgan
11、ized account ofthe organizations positive and negative experiences withoccupational processes.2.1.8.3 project knowledge base,nworking collection ofexperiences for the current project in which decisions made ateach stage are added to the project knowledge base for use atlater design stages,and after
12、the completion of a project,theproject knowledge base is integrated into the internal knowl-edge base.2.1.9 occupationalergonomicriskanalysis,noccupational ergonomic risk analysis may include,but isnot limited to,the evaluation of force(including dynamicmotion),repetition,awkward or static postures,
13、contact stress,vibration,and physiological and environmental factors such astemperature and other ambient air conditions and occupationalergonomic risks can be affected by workers lifestyles andother nonoccupational risk elements.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupat
14、ionalHealth and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.80 onIndustrial Heath.Current edition approved July 1,2013.Published July 2013.Originally approvedin 2007.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2350-07.DOI:10.1520/E2350-07R13E01.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Ha
15、rbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.1.10 occupational system,nintegrated collection ofpersonnel,facilities,equipment,tools,raw materials,techniques,and other resources organized to produce a productor service.2.1.11 task,ngroup of related activities that comprises
16、 acomponent of a job.2.1.12 workers capabilities and limitations,nthose per-sonal characteristics that workers bring to a job,such as:Physical strength,endurance,agility,and skill andMental abilities,techniques,and knowledge developedthrough training,experience,and education.Examples may befound in Appendix X1.3.Summary of Guide3.1 This guide facilitates the integration of ergonomicprinciples into the design of occupational systems.It isassumed that there will be more than one iteration of thepr
