1、Designation:E199409(Reapproved 2018)An American National StandardStandard Practice forUse of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1994;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case
2、of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard is an abbreviated compilation of the sampling plans presented by H.F.Dodge andH.G.Ro
3、mig in their classic development of sampling plans for use with the process associated witha continuing supply of products.The so calledAOQLplans provide a means for disposition of productwhether or not the process is in control as well as incentives for process improvement in terms ofreduced sample
4、 size as the process average percent defective is lowered.In addition,so called LTPDplans are provided for use with individual lots of product,not necessarily associated with a processstream.The sampling plans and parts of the text given here are taken from the Wiley Classics LibraryEdition of the D
5、odge-Romig tables(copyright 1998).2Additional tables and detailed discussion of theplans,OC curves,and their derivation will be found in that text.The theoretical development of theDodge-Roming plans will be found in Volumes 8 and 20 of the Bell System Technical Journal3,4andan amplification of the
6、plans is given in Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control.51.Scope1.1 This practice is primarily a statement of principals forthe guidance of ASTM technical committees and others in theuse of average outgoing quality limit,AOQL,and lot tolerancepercent defective,LTPD,sampling plans for determiningacc
7、eptable of lots of product.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organiz
8、ation TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:6E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology E456 provides a more exten-sive list of terms in E11 standards.3.1.1
9、 average outgoing quality(AOQ),nthe average per-cent defective of outgoing product including all accepted lotsor batches,after any defective units found in them are replacedby acceptable units,plus all lots or batches which are notaccepted after such lots or batches have been effectively 100%inspect
10、ed and all defective units replaced by acceptable units.3.1.2 average outgoing quality limit(AOQL),nthe maxi-mum of the AOQs for all possible incoming percentagesdefective for the process,for a given acceptance sampling plan.3.1.3 average quality protection,na type of protection inwhich there is pre
11、scribed some chosen value of average percentdefective in the product after inspection(average outgoingquality limit(AOQL),that shall not be exceeded in the long1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E11 on Quality andStatistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.
12、30 on StatisticalQuality Control.Current edition approved Sept.1,2018.Published September 2018.Originallyapproved in 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1994 09(2013).DOI:10.1520/E1994-09R18.2Available from John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,605 Third Ave.,New York,NY10158.3Dodge,H.F.and Romig,H.G
13、.,“A Method of Sampling Inspection,”The BellSystem Technical Journal,Vol 8,No.10,1924,pp.613631.4Dodge,H.F.and Romig,H.G.,“Single Sampling and Double SamplingInspection Tables,”The Bell System Technical Journal,Vol 20,No.1,1941,pp.161.5Schilling,E.G.,Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control,Marcel Dek
14、ker Inc.,NY,1982,pp.372399.6For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr H
15、arbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendation
16、s issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 run no matter what may be the level of percent defective in theproduct submitted to the inspector.3.1.4 lot quality protection,na type of protection in whichthere is prescribed some chosen value of limiting percentdefective in a lot(lot tolerance percent defective(LTPD)andalso some chosen value for the probability(called the consum-ers risk)of accepting a submitted lot that has a percentdefective equal to the lo
