1、Designation:E233409(Reapproved 2013)1An American National StandardStandard Practice forSetting an Upper Confidence Bound For a Fraction orNumber of Non-Conforming items,or a Rate of Occurrencefor Non-conformities,Using Attribute Data,When There is aZero Response in the Sample1This standard is issued
2、 under the fixed designation E2334;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the
3、last revision or reapproval.1NOTESection 3 was editorially corrected in August 2013.1.Scope1.1 This practice presents methodology for the setting of anupper confidence bound regarding a unknown fraction orquantity non-conforming,or a rate of occurrence fornonconformities,in cases where the method of
4、 attributes isused and there is a zero response in a sample.Three cases areconsidered.1.1.1 The sample is selected from a process or a very largepopulation of discrete items,and the number of non-conforming items in the sample is zero.1.1.2 A sample of items is selected at random from a finitelot of
5、 discrete items,and the number of non-conforming itemsin the sample is zero.1.1.3 The sample is a portion of a continuum(time,space,volume,area etc.)and the number of non-conformities in thesample is zero.1.2 Allowance is made for misclassification error in thisstandard,but only when misclassificati
6、on rates are well under-stood or known and can be approximated numerically.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on theResults of Probability SamplingE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE1402 Guide for Sampling DesignE1994 Practice fo
7、r Use of Process Oriented AOQL andLTPD Sampling PlansE2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 3534-1 StatisticsVocabulary and Symbols,Part 1:Probability and General Statistical Terms3ISO 3534-2 StatisticsVocabulary and Symbols,Part 2:Statistical Quality Control3
8、NOTE1Samples discussed in this standard should meet the require-ments(or approximately so)of a probability sample as defined inTerminologies E1402 or E456.3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terminology E456 provides a more extensive list ofterms in E11 standards.3.1.2 attributes,method of,nmeasureme
9、nt of quality bythe method of attributes consists of noting the presence(orabsence)of some characteristic or attribute in each of the unitsin the group under consideration,and counting how many ofthe units do(or do not)possess the quality attribute,or howmany such events occur in the unit,group or a
10、rea.3.1.3 confidence bound,nsee confidence limit.E25863.1.4 confidence coeffcient,nthe value,C,of the prob-ability associated with a confidence interval or statisticalcoverage interval.It is often expressed as a percentage.ISO 3534-1,E25863.1.5confidence interval,nan interval estimate of apopulation
11、 parameter,calculated such that there is a givenlong-run probability that the parameter is included in theinterval.E25863.1.5.1 DiscussionA one-sided confidence interval is onefor which one of the limits is plus infinity,minus infinity,or anatural fixed limit(such as zero).3.1.6 confidence level,nse
12、e confidence coeffcient.E25861This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E11 on Quality andStatistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.30 on StatisticalQuality Control.Current edition approved April 1,2013.Published April 2013.Originallyapproved in 2003.Last previou
13、s edition approved in 2009 as E2334 09.DOI:10.1520/E2334-09R13E01.2For referenced ASTM Standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information,refer to thestandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A
14、vailable from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.7 confidence limit,nthe upper or lower limit of aconfidence interva
15、l.E25863.1.8 item,nan object or quantity of material on which aset of observations can be made.3.1.8.1 DiscussionAs used in this standard,“set”denotesa single variable(the defined attribute).The term“samplingunit”is also used to denote an“item”(see Practice E141).3.1.9 non-conforming item,nan item c
16、ontaining at leastone non-conformity.ISO 3534-23.1.9.1 DiscussionThe term“defective item”is also usedin this context.3.1.10 non-conformity,nthe non-fulfillment of a specifiedrequirement.ISO 3534-23.1.10.1 DiscussionThe term“defect”is also used in thiscontext.3.1.11 population,nthe totality of items or units ofmaterial under consideration.E25863.1.12 sample,na group of observations or test resultstaken from a larger collection of observations or test results,which serves to provide information th
