1、Designation:E264309Standard Terminology Relating toNatural Multi-Cellular Biological Control Organisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2643;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisio
2、n.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology may be general,but is representedhere for application in the realm of Subcommittee E35.30.These terms are quoted from
3、Penn et al2and are reiterated hereso that people using E35.30 standards can all interpret theterms in the same way in discussions,applications,andrevisions of the standards.The applicability of these terms togeneral use has not been examined by Subcommittee E35.30.2.Terminologyapplication,nthe relea
4、se of the natural enemies or otherwiseputting them to use.contaminant,nany undesirable organisms not claimed onthe product information.customer involvement,nselection of product,application ofthe product,evaluation of the results,and feedback withencouragement of continual informational flow.level o
5、f purity,nsee purity level.performance(of natural enemies in pest management),nthe capacity to maintain pest populations at acceptablelevels.Performance is a function of innate genetic charac-teristics,the effects of production,storage,shipping,appli-cation method,application timing,and environmenta
6、l effectson survival,reproduction,and frequency of attacks againsthosts/prey.performance evaluation,nassessment of the effects ofnatural enemy application upon the target pest populationunder controlled conditions.process control,nthe means of assuring the performance ofproduction processes through
7、sampling of all life stages ofthe arthropods in production,using indicators to predictquality and minimizing variance from predetermined stan-dards.product control,nassurance of conformity of the product toacceptable standards of quality through monitoring proce-dures applied at the end of productio
8、n.Such proceduressubstantially increase the probability that the product will beeffective in performing its intended function but cannotpredict performance because of the highly variable condi-tions to which the product may be exposed after the productis shipped.product control guidelines,nsuggested
9、 standards and pro-cesses for product control procedures that might be adoptedby commercial insectaries,trade associations,and othergroups to provide consistency in product control.product handling and evaluation,nenvironmental condi-tions and actions designated by the customer,includingassessments
10、of quantity and quality of the product prior toapplication.production control,nmanagement of the consistency,reli-ability,and timeliness of production output through moni-toring items such as materials,equipment,environments,schedules,and personnel.product profile,na document supplied by a producer,
11、oftenwith a product shipment,to provide the customer withinformation on the nature of the product being shipped andmethods of storing and using the product properly.Detailssuch as identity,quantity,origin,life stages shipped,sexratio,and expiration date are usually included.Alternatively,similar inf
12、ormation of a more generic nature may bedeveloped by an organization of producers.purity level,na percentage calculated as the number of theclaimed species divided by the total number of predators orparasites in the container.Purity level does not addressprey/host items in the package.Because the te
13、rm Purityexpressed alone denotes a 100%purity level,caution shouldbe exercised in the use of these terms.quality,nthe suitability of a product for its intended use andits degree of excellence in comparison with standardsquality assurance,nthe process by which confidence in thequality of a product is
14、 developed.Quality assurance goes1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E35.30 on Natural Multi-Cellular(Metazoan)Biological ControlOrganisms.Current edition approved April 1,2009.P
15、ublished April 2009.Originallyapproved in 2008.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2643 08.DOI:10.1520/E2643-09.2Penn,Ridgway,Scriven,and Inscoe,“Quality Assurance by the CommercialProducer of Arthropod Natural Enemies,”in Mass-reared Natural Enemies:Appli-cation,Regulation and Needs,Ridgway
16、et al.(ed.),ESA Thomas Say Publications:Proceedings,1998,pp.202 227.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 beyond quality control in that it involves both the procedureswhereby the producer makes certain that the quality of theproduct is maintained and the processes through which thecustomer,the ultimate user,gains confidence in that product.For this reason,customer involvement and customer educa-tion are critical components
