1、Designation:D808117(Reapproved 2021)1Standard Guide forTheory and Principles for Obtaining Reliable and AccurateBulk Solids Flow Data Using a Direct Shear Cell1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8081;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReapproved with editorial changes in November 2021.1.Scope*1.1 This guide covers the
3、ory and principles for obtainingreliable and accurate bulk solids flow data using a direct shearcell.It includes characteristics and limitations of the three mostpopular direct shear cell types:Translational(D6128),Annular(D6773),and Rotational(D6682 and D7891).1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units
4、 are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measure are included in thisstandard.1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action.This document cannot replace education or experi-ence and should be used in conju
5、nction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without conside
6、ration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action
7、.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given profes
8、sional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of
9、 thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-d
10、ance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand
11、ards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD6128 Test Method for Shear Testing of Bulk Solids Usingthe Jenike Shear TesterD6682 Test Method for Measuring Shear Stresses of Pow-ders Using Peschl Rotational Split Level Shear Tester(Withdrawn 2017)3D6773 Test Method for Bulk Solids
12、 Using Schulze RingShear TesterD7891 Test Method for Shear Testing of Powders Using theFreeman Technology FT4 Powder Rheometer Shear Cell3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For common definitions of technical terms in thisstandard,refer to Terminology D653.3.2 uniform bulk solid bed,nin powders and b
13、ulk solids,a specimen in a direct shear cell that has a consistent bulkdensity throughout the bed.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterizationand Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.Curren
14、t edition approved Nov.1,2021.Published November 2021.Originallyapproved in 2017.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8081 17.DOI:10.1520/D8081-17R21E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM
15、Standards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box
16、C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.14.Summary of Guide4.1 The three shear cell types covered by the guide arecategorized as direct shear tests in which a region of the bul
