1、Designation:D6653/D6653M13(Reapproved 2021)Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Effects of High Altitude on PackagingSystems by Vacuum Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6653/D6653M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption o
2、r,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods determine the effects of pressuredifferential when packaged produc
3、ts are transported by meansnof certain modes of transport,such as feeder aircraft or groundover high mountain passes.The results of these tests areintended to be used for qualitative purposes.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The va
4、lues stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its
5、use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles
6、 on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distrib
7、ution Environ-mentsD3078 Test Method for Determination of Leaks in FlexiblePackaging by Bubble EmissionD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingD4991 Test Method for Leakage Testing
8、 of Empty RigidContainers by Vacuum MethodD5094 Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids fromContainers with Threaded or Lug-Style ClosuresE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process2.2 Other:Altitude-pressure tab
9、les based on the United States StandardAtmospheres33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms and definitions used in these testmethods may be found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definition of Term:3.2.1 feeder aircraft,nsmall,potentially nonpressurizedaircraft used to transport express air packages to remote area
10、s.4.Significance and Use4.1 Packaged products transported by meansn of the feederaircraft network are liable to experience altitudes as high as 5791 m 19 000 ft.4When exposed to these high altitudeconditions,products or packaging systems,or a combinationthereof,may be affected negatively by the resu
11、ltant pressuredifferential.4.2 These test methods are suitable for evaluating the effectof high altitude on packaging systems.4.3 These test methods are suitable for package or product,or both,development and engineering.4.4 Other test methods,such as Test Methods D3078,D4991 and D5094,test for leak
12、age of packaging systems byvacuum method and are applicable for testing the effects ofhigh altitude.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-Application of Performance Te
13、st Methods.Current edition approved Oct.1,2021.Published November 2021.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6653/D6653M 13.DOI:10.1520/D6653_D6653M-13R21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
14、.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from http:/naca.larc.nasa.gov/reports/1936/naca-report-538.4Based on field testing analysis.See Singh,S.P.,Singh,J.,Stallings,J.,Burgess,G.,and Saha,K.,“Measurement and
15、 Analysis of Temperature and Pressure in HighAltitudeAir Shipments,”Journal of Packaging Technology and Science,Vol 23,No.1,pp.3546,December 2009.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in a
16、ccordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.15.Apparatus5.1 Vacuum ChamberAny suitable chamber capable ofwithstanding approximately one atmosphere pressure differen-tial fitted with a flat-vacuum-tight cover or equivalent chamberproviding the same functional capabilities,such
