1、Designation:D745108a(Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forWater Separation Properties of Light and Middle Distillate,and Compression and Spark Ignition Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7451;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the tendencyof water and fuels with
3、 a final boiling point of less than 390C,as measured in Test Method D86,to separate cleanly ratherthan create emulsions when they may contain potential emul-sion forming additives or components,or have been additizedwith potential emulsion forming additives,or components.1.2 This test method applies
4、 primarily to gasoline,diesel,kerosine,and distillate grades of gas turbine,marine,homeheating oils and furnace fuels(see Specifications D396,D975,D2880,D3699,D4814,and D6985).For fuel components suchas biodiesel or alcohol,refer to X1.2 and X1.3.1.3 This test method is not meant to certify or quali
5、fy fuelsfor sale,but it is intended for use by additive suppliers todetermine the need for demulsifier components in their additivepackages.1.4 This test method is not meant for testing of fuelscontaining large amounts of aqueous soluble components,suchas E85,or for testing of water emulsified fuels
6、,or for testing ofaviation fuels.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of th
7、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specif
8、ication for Diesel Fuel OilsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil(Accelerated Method)D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3699 Specification for KerosineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4176
9、Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels(Visual Inspection Procedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD6985 Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel OilMilitary Ma
10、rine Applications(Withdrawn 2010)32.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Distillate Fuel Bar Chart4Fuel Clarity Rating Standard53.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 film,nthin,translucent layer that does not adhere tothe wall of the glass test tube.3.1.2 heavy scum,nassessment that the fuel/water inter-face is covered wit
11、h more than 50%scum that extends intoeither of the two layers or forms an emulsion(1 mL or greaterin volume),or both.3.1.3 scum,nlayer thicker than film(up to 1 mL involume)or that adheres to the wall of the glass test tube,orboth.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This test method
12、is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved May 1,2013.Published August 2013.Originallyapproved in 2008.Last previous edit
13、ion approved in 2008 as D7451 08a.DOI:10.1520/D7451-08AR13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The la
14、st approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD417601.Original adjunct produced in 1991.5Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD7451.Original adjunct produced in 2008.Copyr
15、ight ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.1 interface condition rating,nqualitative assessmentof the tendency of a mixture of water and fuel to form interfacefilms or precipitates.3.2.2 water separation rating,nqualitative assessment
16、 ofthe tendency of components in the fuel to produce emulsions orprecipitates,or both,in separated fuel and water layers.3.2.3 water volume change,nqualitative indication of thepresence of water-soluble components in fuels,or the decreasein water returned during the test due to the formation of scumor emulsions.3.2.3.1 DiscussionFor example,the alcohol component inan ethanol-blended gasoline would be extracted into theaqueous phase,thus increasing the volume of the aqueousphase by the approximat
