1、Designation:D541495(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Horizontal Impact Performance of LoadUnitizing Stretch Wrap Films1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5414;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case
2、 of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is used to evaluate and compare theability of stretch-wrap films to survive horiz
3、ontal impacts in alaboratory simulation.1.2 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode ofshipping and handling used for the unit load under test.1.3 The methodology of performing the controlled horizon-tal impacts is described in detail in Test Methods D4003.Thistest method will describe on
4、ly sample preparation and evalu-ation in the special case of evaluating the performance of filmfor load unitizing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safe
5、ty and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal ImpactTest for Shipping Containers and SystemsD4169 Pra
6、ctice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and Systems3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 backloada duplicate specimen similar to the testpackage
7、 or weights to simulate the other lading in the transportvehicle.3.2.2 shock pulse programmera device used to control theparameters of the acceleration versus time-shock pulse gener-ated by a shock test impact machine.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The horizontal impacts used in this test method arepro
8、grammed shock inputs that represent the hazards as theyoccur in the shipping and handling environment.The environ-mental hazards may include rail switching impacts,palletmarshalling impacts,etc.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to be used mainly as ameans of comparing the perfor
9、mance of unitizing films.It canalso be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrapcycles with the same wrapping materials.No direct correlationbetween these tests results and actual field performance hasbeen established.5.2 This test method simulates the horizontal impact ele-ments of the di
10、stribution environment.Horizontal impacts areencountered in rail car switching and pallet marshalling pro-cedures,both in the warehouse and during the loading andunloading of transport vehicles.5.3 This test method leaves open to the discretion of the userthe establishment of test levels and the num
11、ber of impactsconstituting the test so that one might tailor the test to simulateones particular distribution environment.The section entitled“Element HSimulated Rail Switching”in Practice D4169may provide some guidance in this regard.6.Apparatus6.1 Load Wrapping ApparatusA machine or apparatus towr
12、ap the test load.The method of wrap application is prefer-ably as near as possible to that used in an actual productionsituation(stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).6.2 Horizontal Impact Test MachineRefer to Test Meth-ods D4003,paragraph 5.1 and following subparagraphs,for acomplete description
13、.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved April 1,2012.Published May 2012.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5
14、414 95(2007).DOI:10.1520/D5414-95R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,
15、100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.3 InstrumentationRefer to Test Methods D4003,para-graph 5.3 and following subparagraphs,for a complete descrip-tion.7.Procedure7.1 Procedure ANormal Test Mode:7.1.1 Prepare the test load.Arrange the units comprising t
16、hetest load in layers and stack them on the pallet or slip sheet inthe normal manner.7.1.2 Wrap the test load with the unitizing film at apredetermined percent stretch and wrap cycle.7.1.3 Allow the wrapped load to stand undisturbed for aminimum of 16 h before testing.This gives the stress retentionforces in the stretched wrapping material time to equilibrate.7.1.4 Perform the horizontal impact test.Follow the proce-dures detailed in Test Methods D4003(Procedure A or B,depending on the specific
