1、Designation:D559104(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forThermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a ThermalShrinkage Force Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5591;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case o
2、f revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers preparation and procedures tomeasure the thermal shrinkage force of yarns an
3、d cords in air.1.2 This test method is applicable to measurement of thethermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords whose shrinkageforce at 180 6 2C(355 6 4F)in air does not exceed 20 N(4 lbf).This test method is applicable to nylon,polyester,andaramid yarns and cords within the applicable range of th
4、ermalshrinkage force,as well as to comparable yarns and cords fromother polymers.1.2.1 Test specimens may be taken from yarn or cordpackages,or retrieved from fabrics.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This
5、standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardsstatements
6、are given in Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD885 Test Methods for Tire Cords,Tire Cord Fabrics,andIndustrial Filament Yarns Made from ManufacturedOrganic-Base FibersD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD6477 Terminology Relating to Tir
7、e Cord,Bead Wire,HoseReinforcing Wire,and Fabrics3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord,bead wire,hose wire,and tire cord fabrics,refer to Terminology D6477.3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:adhesive-treated tire cord,cord,greige cor
8、d,greige tire cord,pneumatic tire,retraction,in yarns and cords,standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles,thermal shrinkage force,thermalshrinkage force tester,and tire.3.2 For definitions of other terms related to textiles,refer toTerminology D123.3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this stan
9、dard:yarn.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A specified length of yarn or cord is conditioned in arelaxed state,mounted with a pretension of 5 6 1 mN/tex(0.056 0.01 gf/den),then exposed to dry heat at a temperature of180 6 2C(355 6 4F)for 120 6 5 s.4.2 The shrinkage force induced in the specimen is readfr
10、om the tester.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testingof commercial shipments of yarns and cords.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories(or more),comparative tests should be performed to det
11、ermine if there isa statistical bias between them,using competent statisticalassistance.As a minimum,test samples should be used that areas homogeneous as possible,that are drawn from the materialfrom which the disparate test results were obtained,and thatare randomly assigned in equal numbers to ea
12、ch laboratory fortesting.Other materials with established test values may beused for this purpose.The test results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data,ata probability level chosen prior to the testing series.If a bias isfound,either its cause must b
13、e found and corrected,or futuretest results for that material must be adjusted in considerationof the known bias.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers andMetallic Reinforcements.Current
14、 edition approved Jan.1,2011.Published March 2011.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5591 04.DOI:10.1520/D5591-04R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandar
15、ds volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2 Experience shows that yarns or cords on wouldpackages,usually being under tension,exhibit a contract
16、ion inlength(and a resulting increase in linear density)whenremoved from the package and allowed to relax over a periodof time at room temperature.Consequently,it they are testedwithout being allowed to relax,they will register higherthermal shrinkage force values as the relaxation shrinkage willbe incorrectly included as the thermal shrinkage force.5.2.1 Retractive forces vary widely by polymer type,beingalmost nil within aramids and significant within most nylons.For example,the exposure of un
