1、Designation:D450494(Reapproved 2011)Standard Specification forMolded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for IndustrialShipping of Nonhazardous Goods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4504;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the c
2、ase of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers molded polyethylene,open-head,self-supporting,nonreusable pails inten
3、ded for the pack-aging and transportation of nonhazardous goods.Pails are tohave volume capacities between 1 and 7 gal(3.8 to 26.5 L).1.2 Pails intended to contain hazardous goods(materials)shall be in accordance with and tested to United StatesDepartment of Transportation Code of Federal Regulation
4、s(CFR)Title 49,Parts(100199).1.3 The purpose of this specification is to establish perfor-mance requirements and test methods for molded open-headpolyethylene pails.1.4 Additives for the resin used and design of the pails areleft to the discretion of the supplier,within the allowable limitsof regula
5、tory and performance requirements.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to
6、the testmethod portions,Section 10,of this specification:This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regu
7、latory limitations priorto use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con
8、-tainersD1972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic ProductsD1975 Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resis-tance of Plastic Injection Molded Open Head PailsD4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Con-tainer Under Constant LoadD5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers b
9、yFree FallE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines2.2 Other Documents:National Motor Freight Classification(NMFC)3Uniform Freight Classification(UFC)4Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Parts 100199(CFR49)53.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this speci-ficati
10、on,see Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 open-head paila pail with a full-diameter unre-stricted opening at the top,and designed to be carried by hand.The pail body is usually of a tapered design to provide fornesting of pails during transportation and storage
11、,prior tofilling of contents.After filling of contents,the pail lid isapplied to the pail body,providing a sealed container forstorage and shipment of the contents.The pail lid may alsohave openings or fitments to allow for dispensing of contentswithout removing the lid.These openings are sealed wit
12、hclosures.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe definition for open-head pail forhazardous materials differs(see Section 49 CFR Parts 100 to199).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-A
13、pplication of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved Aug.1,2011.Published November 2011.Originallyapproved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4504 94(2005)1.DOI:10.1520/D4504-94R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer S
14、ervice at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association,Inc.(NMFTA),1001 N.Fairfax St.,Suite 600,Alexandria,VA 22314,http:/www.nmfta.org.4Available from Na
15、tional Railroad Freight Committee,Suite 1120,222 SouthRiverside Plaza,Chicago,IL 60606.5Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box
16、C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Classification4.1 Products to be packaged in open-head pails may beliquid(Note 1),solid,paste,granular,or powder form.NOTE1For the purpose of establishing test requirements,a liquid ishere defined as having a viscosity of less than 5.0 Pa.S at a temperature of73.46 3.6F(23 6 2C),using the method described in Test MethodD445.4.2 Molded polyethylene open-head pails are classified asfollows:4.2.1 Pails for liquids.4.2.2 Pails for nonliquids.5.Or
