1、Designation:D467787(Reapproved 2013)Standard Classification forRubber Compounding MaterialsTitanium Dioxide1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4677;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last re
2、vision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This classification covers the compounding materialknown as titanium dioxide.It is generally used in rubbercompounds to impart whi
3、teness to selected products.Typicalchemical and physical properties are included.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deter
4、mine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Table 12.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture(and OtherMatter Volatile Under the Test Conditions)in PigmentsD1208 Test Methods for Common Pro
5、perties of CertainPigmentsD1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Tita-nium PigmentsD3720 Test Method for Ratio of Anatase to Rutile inTitanium Dioxide Pigments by X-Ray Diffraction3.Significance and Use3.1 Titanium dioxide is used in rubber compounding as acolorant to impart whiteness to
6、any desired end product.It isused in sidewalls of automobile tires.3.2 It is chemically inert and slightly basic with a pH of 7.0to 8.0.The free-chalking,weathering properties of anatasetitanium-dioxide provide a(self-cleaning)white appearance inoutdoor applications.4.Basis of Classification4.1 Tita
7、nium-Dioxide By Types:4.1.1 Type IAnatase,free-chalking.4.1.2 Type IIRutile,low/medium chalk resistance.4.1.3 Type IIIRutile,high-chalk resistance.5.Composition and Properties5.1 The titanium-dioxide commonly used in rubber is theanatase Type 1 material.It is generally 97 to 99%TiO2incomposition.Som
8、e antase grades have an inorganic surfacetreatment(that is,oxides of aluminum or silicon),some havean organic treatment;most have very little treatment.5.2 The rutile titanium-dioxide consists of many grades fora multitude of end use applications.They are more weatherresistant,have a more compact cr
9、ystal structure,and varywidely in physical properties and surface treatment.6.Keywords6.1 anatase;rutile;titanium dioxide1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 onRubber and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.20 on CompoundingMaterials and Procedures.Curren
10、t edition approved Nov.1,2013.Published January 2014.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4677 87(2007).DOI:10.1520/D4677-87R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of AS
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14、ideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100 Barr
15、Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or serviceastm.org(e-mail);or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org
16、).Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website(www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Properties of Titanium Dioxide(By Type)TestMethodType I(Anatase)Type II(Rutile)Type III(Rutile)TiO2,min,%D1394959285pHD120878.078.078.0Coarse particles,max,%D1850.20.20.2Moisture,max,%D2800.70.71.5RutileAD37201%max99%min99%minTint StrengthB.BrightnessB.APercent rutile as a percent of total TiO2content.BTest methods to be developed and agreed upon by supplier and user.A basicwh
