1、Designation:D549093(Reapproved 2014)1Standard Guide forComparing Groundwater Flow Model Simulations to Site-Specific Information1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5490;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revisio
2、n,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReapproved with editorial changes in October 2014.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers techniques that should be used tocom
3、pare the results of groundwater flow model simulations tomeasured field data as a part of the process of calibrating agroundwater model.This comparison produces quantitativeand qualitative measures of the degree of correspondencebetween the simulation and site-specific information related tothe phys
4、ical hydrogeologic system.1.2 During the process of calibration of a groundwater flowmodel,each simulation is compared to site-specific informa-tion such as measured water levels or flow rates.The degree ofcorrespondence between the simulation and the physical hy-drogeologic system can then be compa
5、red to that for previoussimulations to ascertain the success of previous calibrationefforts and to identify potentially beneficial directions forfurther calibration efforts.1.3 By necessity,all knowledge of a site is derived fromobservations.This guide does not address the adequacy of anyset of obse
6、rvations for characterizing a site.1.4 This guide does not establish criteria for successfulcalibration,nor does it describe techniques for establishingsuch criteria,nor does it describe techniques for achievingsuccessful calibration.1.5 This guide is written for comparing the results ofnumerical gr
7、oundwater flow models with observed site-specificinformation.However,these techniques could be applied toother types of groundwater related models,such as analyticalmodels,multiphase flow models,noncontinuum(karst orfracture flow)models,or mass transport models.1.6 This guide is one of a series of g
8、uides on groundwatermodeling codes(software)and their applications.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appli
9、ca-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not al
10、l aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects
11、.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluids3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in t
12、his standard,referto Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 application verificationusing the set of parametervalues and boundary conditions from a calibrated model toapproximate acceptably a second set of field data measuredunder similar hydrologic conditions.3.2.
13、1.1 DiscussionApplication verification is to be distin-guished from code verification which refers to software testing,comparison with analytical solutions,and comparison with1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D
14、18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published October 2014.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5490 93(2008).DOI:10.1520/D5490-93R14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact AS
15、TM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 other similar codes to demonstrate
16、that the code represents itsmathematical foundation.3.2.2 calibrationthe process of refining the model repre-sentationofthehydrogeologicframework,hydraulicproperties,and boundary conditions to achieve a desireddegree of correspondence between the model simulations andobservations of the groundwater flow system.3.2.3 censored dataknowledge that the value of a variablein the physical hydrogeologic system is less than or greaterthan a certain value,without knowing the exact value.3.2.3.1 Discussion
