1、Designation:D462316Standard Test Method forDetermination of In Situ Stress in Rock Mass by OvercoringMethodThree Component Borehole Deformation Gauge1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4623;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,i
2、n the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ambi-ent local stresses(principal and
3、secondary)in a rock mass andthe equipment required to perform in situ stress tests using athree-component borehole deformation gauge(BDG)that wasdeveloped by the U.S.Bureau of Mines(USBM);see Note 1.1.2 The test procedure and method of data reduction aredescribed,including the theoretical basis and
4、assumptionsinvolved in the calculations.1.3 A section is included on troubleshooting equipmentmalfunctions.NOTE1The gauge used in this test method is commonly referred to byusers as a USBM gauge(U.S.Bureau of Mines three-component boreholedeformation gauge).21.4 The values stated in inch-pound units
5、 are to be regardedas standard,except as noted below.The values given inparentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units,whichare provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.Reporting of test results in units other than SI shallnot be regarded as nonconformance with this test me
6、thod.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced
7、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4394 Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus ofDeformatio
8、n of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate LoadingMethodD4395 Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus ofDeformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate LoadingMethodD4971 Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus ofDeformation of Rock Using Diametrically Loaded 76-mm(3-in.)Borehole JackD6026 Practice for
9、Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD7012 Test Methods for Compressive Strength and ElasticModuli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under VaryingStates of Stress and Temperatures3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For terminology used in this test method,refer toTerminology D653.3.2 Definitions o
10、f Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deformation,ndisplacement change in dimension ofthe borehole due to changes in stress.3.2.2 in situ stress,nthe stress levels and orientationsexisting in the rock mass before excavation.3.2.3 principal plane,nany plane in which the shearstresses are zero.3.2.4
11、 principal stresses,nthe normal stresses acting on thethree principal planes and which are perpendicular to eachother.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe major,intermediate or minor nor-mal or principal stresses refers to the maximum,intermediateand minor normal stresses occurring in the rock element.3.2.5 revers
12、e case,nin rock which tends to fracture easily,“disc”or“poker chip”during overcoring,the borehole gaugecan be modified by replacing the standard housing with a“reverse case”housing which allows the cantilever plungers tobe positioned very close to the start of the EX hole.1This test method is under
13、the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.Current edition approved Dec.1,2016.Published January 2017.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4623 05.DOI:10.1520/D4623-08.2Considerable
14、information presented in this test method was taken from Bureauof Mines Information Circular No.8618,and Hooker,V.E.,and Bickel,D.L.,“Overcoring Equipment and Techniques Used in Rock Stress Determination,”Denver Mining Research Center,Denver,CO,1974.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM webs
15、ite,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,
16、PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.2.6 secondary principal stresses,nthe maximum,inter-mediate and minimum stresses for stress ellipsoids other thanthe stress e
