1、Designation:D552700(Reapproved 2017)1Standard Practices forMeasuring Surface Wind and Temperature by AcousticMeans1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5527;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of
2、last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEWarning notes were editorially updated throughout in March 2017.1.Scope1.1 These practices cover procedures for measuring one-,tw
3、o-,or three-dimensional vector wind components and sonictemperature by means of commercially available sonicanemometer/thermometers that employ the inverse time mea-surement technique.These practices apply to the measurementof wind velocity components over horizontal terrain usinginstruments mounted
4、 on stationary towers.These practices alsoapply to speed of sound measurements that are converted tosonic temperatures but do not apply to the measurement oftemperature by the use of ancillary temperature devices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measu
5、rement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
6、ions prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tec
7、hnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface AtmosphericPressureD4230 Test Method of Measuring Humidity with Cooled-Surface Condensation(Dew-Point)HygrometerE3
8、37 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer(the Measurement of Wet-and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)IEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Use ofthe International System of Units(SI):The Modern MetricSystem3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology D1356 for commonterminology.
9、3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptance angle(6,deg)the angular distance,centered on the array axis of symmetry,over which thefollowing conditions are met:(a)wind components are unam-biguously defined,and(b)flow across the transducers isunobstructed or remains within the
10、angular range for whichtransducer shadow corrections are defined.3.2.2 acoustic pathlength(d,(m)the distance betweentransducer transmitter-receiver pairs.3.2.3 sampling period(s)the record length or time intervalover which data collection occurs.3.2.4 sampling rate(Hz)the rate at which data collecti
11、onoccurs,usually presented in samples per second or Hertz.3.2.5 sonic anemometer/thermometeran instrument con-sisting of a transducer array containing paired sets of acoustictransmitters and receivers,a system clock,and microprocessorcircuitry to measure intervals of time between transmission andrec
12、eption of sound pulses.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe fundamental measurement unit istransit time.With transit time and a known acoustic pathlength,velocity or speed of sound,or both,can be calculated.Instrument output is a series of quasi-instantaneous velocitycomponent readings along each axis or speed of
13、sound,or both.The speed of sound and velocity components may be used tocompute sonic temperature(Ts),to describe the mean windfield,or to compute fluxes,variances,and turbulence intensi-ties.1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and are the direct responsibi
14、lity of Subcommittee D22.11 on Meteorology.Current edition approved March 1,2017.Published March 2017.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5527 00(2017).DOI:10.1520/D5527-00R17E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Custo
15、mer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in
16、accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.2.6 sonic temperature(Ts),(K)an equivalent tempera-ture that accounts for the effects of temperature and moistureon acoustic wavefront propagation through the atmosphere.3.2.6.1 DiscussionSonic temperature is related to thevelo
