1、Designation:D 4581 86(Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Guide forMeasurement of Morphologic Characteristics of SurfaceWater Bodies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4581;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the methods used for defining themorphologic characteristics of sur
3、face water bodies.This guidereferences manuals that provide various rationale and proce-dures necessary to conduct a morphologic survey.1.2 The references were written for specific agency use andmay not be applicable in all cases(16).21.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas st
4、andard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this stan
5、dard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminolog
6、y D 1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 large water bodieswater areas large enough torequire use of electronic horizontal positioning devices.3.2.2 morphologic surveyssurveys made to determineshape,depth,and volume of water bodies;also density,distribution,and volume of sed
7、iment and characteristics ofwatersheds contributing to the water body.3.2.3 small water bodieswater areas that can be surveyedusing stretched cables or visual triangulation for horizontalpositioning.4.Summary of Guide4.1 This document provides guidance for conducting mea-surements and assembly of da
8、ta into a standard format thatfacilitates comparative analysis of water body morphology ona national basis.5.Significance and Use5.1 No other standards presently exist for the survey ofwater body morphologic characteristics.The techniques de-scribed in the references represent the present state-of-a
9、rt andcontain sufficient information to inform geologists and engi-neers of the kinds of information to be gathered and thetechniques to be used.5.2 The major categories of methodologies described in thereferences are:sounding,positioning,land surveys,sedimentproperties,sediment sampling techniques,
10、photogrammetricmethods,calculating volume and area,morphologic base data,weighted sediment dry weight,reservoir operations,equip-ment,and reporting results.5.3 The references are intended as operational manuals anddo not describe experimental design.6.Procedure6.1 The references provide detailed inf
11、ormation and proce-dures as follows:6.1.1 Field InvestigationsSection 3,Chapter 7 of the SCSNational Engineering Handbook describes field investigationsand survey techniques(1).Pages 1 to 31 specifically describeequipment,methods,notekeeping,computations,and reportsfor small water bodies.6.1.2 Sedim
12、entation SurveysSpecifications were preparedby the Soil Conservation Service to allow contracting forservices to perform reservoir sedimentation surveys on smallwater bodies(2).These specifications are intended to meetSCS needs and should be used by others only as a guide inpreparing their own mater
13、ial.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved June 1,2005.Published June 2005.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2001
14、as D 4581 86(2001).2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis guide.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the stand
15、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.1.3 Methods for Water-Data AcquisitionDescriptions ofvarious techniques for measuring sediment are contained inRef(3).The section on reservoir
16、 surveys provides guidanceabout the kinds of work to be done and features to beconsidered.However,it is not intended as a detailed opera-tional manual.The scope of small and large reservoirs iscovered.6.1.4 Monitoring Reservoir SedimentationDetailed de-scriptions of most aspects of performing reservoir sedimenta-tion surveys that are applicable to small and large reservoirs arefound in Ref(4).Main topics include base reservoir data,selection of surveying method,and hydrographic surveys.6.1.5 Hyd
