1、Designation:D 3584-83(Reapproved 1988)Standard Pryhce for Indexing Papers and Reports on Soil and Rock for Engineering Purposes._.This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3584;the number immediately following the designation indica&s the year of original adoption or,in the case of revis
2、ion,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(6)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTION:_ _,“.This.practice is a tool or aid in indexing papers and reports dealing with soils and rocks as eng
3、ineering materials.This practice should provide assistance to libraries and technical informa-tion centers engaged in handling and processing the written word.This practice can serve as a basis for indexing written material in automated-storage and retrieval systems as well as in manual systems.The
4、procedure provides standard terminology for storage and retrieval systems.This practice is based upon the use of keywords to indicate subject content of written documents.This practice does not provide definitions for terms but should be tised as a guide to the proper usage of terms?nd as a control
5、over acceptable vocabulary.The keyword listing is essentially that used by the Geotechnical Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers and is listed here with the permission of that organization.Some modifications in the keyword listing have been made to provide complete coverage of terms c
6、ontained-in Terminology D 653.A _ keyword listing is dynamic and is subject to change both by deletion an4 by insertion of new terms as the need arises.This listing will be periodically reviewed and revised in gccordance with these identified needs.i 1.Scope 1.1 This practice provides a listing of k
7、eywords covering the broad subject areas applicable for papers and reports relating to sqil and rock mechanics and engineering.The terms included in the listing include words and combinations of words that have significant value in indexing and re-trieving technical information from the literature.1
8、.2 Terms(descriptors)conveying broad,generic concepts as well as specific concepts are contained in the listing.2.Referenced Document 2.1 ASTM Standard:D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and Contained Fluids2 3.Exp%ation of Descriptor Listing 3.1 The listing is an alphabetical arrangement of ma
9、in terms(descriptors)and appropriate cross-references that lead the user to the proper descriptors.This listing is the indexing.tool of this practice.This listing is alphabetical letter-by-letter,disregarding spaces between words.,_.ri 4,Descriptors and Cross-References 4.1 A descriptor is a single
10、word or seyeral words used to denote broad,generic conceptsas well as specific concepts I This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.95 on Information Retrieval and Data Automation.Current edition approved Marc
11、h 25,1983.Published Jude 1983.Originally published as D 3584-77.Last previous edition D 3584-77.2 AnnualBook ofASTM Standards,VoIO4.08.dealing with soil and rock mechanics and engineering subjects.When more than one word is used,the order is that corresponding to normal English usage.Sometimes a par
12、en-thetical qualifying expression is used to clarify the meaning of the descriptor.4.2 Five types of cross-references are used.These and their abbreviations are as folllws:.USE USE USED FOR UF BROADER TERM NARROWER TERM _ i$.RELATED TERM RT 4.2.1 USE Reference-This cross-reference leads the reader f
13、rom an unapproved term to an approved descriptor,For example:SOIL.PRESSUiES USE EARTH PRESSURES(EARTH PRESkJRES ii the acceptable term)4.2.2 USED FOR Reference-This cross-reference is the inverse of the USE-reference and accompanies the descriptor to which the USE reference refers.For example:EARTH
14、PRESSURES UF SOIL PRESSURES(EARTH PRESSURES is the accept-able term)4.2.3 BROADER TERM Reference-This cross-reference for a given descriptor indicates other:descriptors in the listing which represent more inclusive concepts,of which the given descriptor is always a member.For example:NOTICE:This sta
15、ndard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.#$I D 3584 SOIL LIME BT SOIL STABILIZATION _c-For each BROADER TERM reference there is also a corresponding NARROWER TERM reference.42.4 NARROWER TERM Ref
16、erence-This cross-reference is the inverse of the BROADER TERM reference.For any descriptor,it indicates other descriptors in the listing which are always more specific,For example:DRILLS NT AUGERi CALYX DRILLS POWER AUGERS 42.5 RELATED TERM Reference-This cross-reference indicates descriptors closely related in concept and often associated with each other but not always members of the.1 A:-.;.,P,*.-0-.:same hierarchy.The selection of RELATED TERM cross-references for each descriptor is a matter
