1、Designation:D370989(Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forStability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions Under Low to AmbientTemperature Cycling Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3709;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in t
2、he case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the indication of the stability ofwater-in-oil emulsions when subje
3、cted to temperature cyclingchanges between ambient temperature and 18C(0F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its us
4、e.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D7144 Practice for Collection of Surface Dust by Micro-vacuum Sampling for Sub
5、sequent Metals Determination23.Summary of Test Method3.1 A 100-mL sample contained in a graduated 100-mLcylinder is placed in a cooling box at 18C(0F)for 16 h andthen allowed to stand at room temperature for 8 h.This cyclingprocedure is repeated to give a total of nine cycles,except thatthe fifth cy
6、cle is one of 64 h at 18C(0F),8 h at roomtemperature.At the completion of the cycling procedure thesample is examined for the amount of free oil and free waterseparated.In addition,water contents of the sample at specifiedlevels in the upper and lower layers of the sample are alsoobtained.4.Signific
7、ance and Use4.1 This test method indicates the ability of the emulsion towithstand mild to moderately severe winter conditions of useand storage.Generally this significance would be limited toconditions where the emulsion reaches a minimum temperatureof 18C(0F).5.Apparatus5.1 Cold BoxA thermostatica
8、lly controlled freezer or coldbox capable of being maintained at 18 6 1.5C(0 6 3F).5.2 Graduated CylinderA stoppered 100-mL glass cylin-der graduated in 1.0-mL increments.The stopper should havea vent groove to prevent vacuum or pressure build-up duringthe test.5.3 Pipet,10-mL glass.5.4 Microsyringe
9、,0.05-mL glass with a fixed needle,No.19gage,point style No.3.5.5 Glass Vials,approximately 30-mL size.6.Preparation of Sample6.1 To ensure uniformity of the sample,it should be mixedthoroughly before removing the quantity required for the test.Vigorous hand shaking or mechanical mixing for 3 to 5 m
10、in isrecommended for litre-size containers or less.6.2 Special difficulties arise in mixing and withdrawingrepresentative samples from large containers.This is due to thenature of water-in-oil emulsions that are two-phase systems asdistinct from truly homogeneous systems.Vigorous mechani-cal stirrin
11、g for an extended period is the best means ofachieving homogeneity.However,for unstable emulsions thathave been in storage for some time there is no satisfactory wayto obtain a representative sample.7.Procedure7.1 After careful preparation of the sample to ensure homo-geneity(described in Section 6)
12、,transfer 100 mL to a gradu-ated 100-mL cylinder.Insert the vented stopper.7.2 Place the cylinder in the cold box at 18 6 1.5C(0 63F)for a period of 16 h.Withdraw the cylinder from the coldbox and allow to stand at room temperature,21 6 3C(70 65F),for a period of 8 h.7.3 Repeat the cycling procedure
13、 as in 7.2 for three morecycles.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0.02 on Industrial Applications.Current edition approved Oct.1,2010.Published November 2010.Originallyapproved in
14、 1978.Last previous edition approved in 1989 as D370989(2005)1.DOI:10.1520/D3709-89R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary pag
15、e onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.4 Replace the cylinder in the cold box for a period of 64h.Withdraw and allow to stand at room temperature for 8 h.7.5 Repeat the cycling procedure as in 7.2 for four
16、morecycles,except that during the final cycle,the period at roomtemperature is limited to 3 h instead of 8 h before makingobservations.7.6 Observe and record the following:7.6.1 The amount of oil separated,percent volume,and7.6.2 The amount of water separated,percent volume.7.7 By means of a 10-mL pipet,withdraw aliquots in thefollowing order.7.7.1 With the pipet tip located exactly at the 80-mL mark,slowly withdraw a 10-mL sample and transfer to a small glassvial.This is designated as the upper
