1、Designation:D394114Standard Test Method forFlash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-CupApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3941;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last re
2、vision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONTest Methods D56 and D93 describe procedures
3、 using the Tag Closed Tester and the Pensky-Martens Tester,respectively.Both test methods depend on a definite rate of temperature increase tocontrol the precision of the test method.The rate of heating may not in all cases give the accuracyexpected because of low thermal conductivity of certain mat
4、erials.To reduce this effect,ISO/TC 35,Paints and Varnishes,and ISO/TC 28,Petroleum Products and Lubricants,have issued ISO 1523 inwhich the heating rate is considerably slower.This test method is similar to ISO 1523,but usesstandard ASTM cups,style,and format.Due to the slower heating rate,the time
5、 required to make adetermination of a flash point is considerably longer than for Test Methods D56 and D93 but theaccuracy is improved.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flashpoint of liquids in which the specimen and the air/vapormixture above it are approximately in tempe
6、rature equilibrium.1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range from0 to 110C(32 to 230F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 WarningMercury has been designated by many regu-latory agencies as a haz
7、ardous material that can cause centralnervous system,kidney and liver damage.Mercury,or itsvapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercurycontaining products.See the applicable product Safety DataSheet(SDS)for details and EPAs web
8、site,http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm,for additional information.Users should beaware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing prod-ucts into your state or country may be prohibited by law.1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describethe properties of material,products,or assemblie
9、s in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard orfire risk of materials,products or assemblies under actual fireconditions.However,results of this test may be used aselements of a fire risk assessment which takes in
10、to account allof the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the firehazard of a particular end use.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
11、 health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass The
12、rmometersE1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Ther-mometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsE2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related C
13、oatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved Dec.15,2014.Published January 2015.Originallyapproved in 1980.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3941 90(2007).DOI:10.1520/D39
14、41-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this sta
15、ndardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.2 ISO Standard:ISO1523 Paints,varnishes,petroleum,andrelatedproductsDetermination of flash pointClosed cupequilibrium method33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 flash point,nthe lowest
16、 temperature corrected to apressure of 760 mm Hg(101.3 kPa)(1013 millibars)at whichapplication of an ignition source causes the vapor of thespecimen to ignite under specified conditions of test.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is heated in a closed cup of standard designin a suitable liquid bath at the rate of 0.5C(1.0F)in not lessthan 1.5 min so that the difference in temperature between thespecimen in the cup and bath never exceeds 2.0C(3.5F).Flash determinations are made at intervals of
