1、Designation:D367091(Reapproved 2022)Standard Guide forDetermination of Precision and Bias of Methods ofCommittee D221This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3670;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year o
2、f last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This standard provides guidance to task groups ofCommittee D22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres inplanning and con
3、ducting collaborative testing of candidatemethods.1.2 It is intended for use with other ASTM practices for thedetermination of precision and bias.1.3 It is applicable to most manual and automated methodsand to most components of monitoring systems.It is recog-nized that the evaluation of monitoring
4、systems may providespecial problems.Practice D3249 should be considered forgeneral guidance in this respect.1.4 It is directly applicable to chemical methods and inprinciple to most physical methods,sampling methods,andcalibration procedures.1.5 The processes described are for the general validation
5、 ofmethods of test.A user has the obligation and responsibility tovalidate any method it uses for a specific application and todemonstrate its own competence in the use of validatedmethods.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on stan
6、dard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and
7、 Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-duresE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTMMethods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-cialt
8、y Chemicals(Withdrawn 2009)3E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests3.Terminology3.1 The terms used in this practice are consistent with thosedefined in Practices D2777,E177,E180,and E691.3.2 Defini
9、tions:3.2.1 accuracy,nthe degree of conformity of a valuegenerated by a specific procedure to the assumed or acceptedtrue value.It includes both precision and bias.3.2.2 bias,na systematic(nonrandom)deviation of themethod average value or the measured value from an acceptedreference value.3.2.3 cand
10、idate method,nan analytical method or mea-surement process being considered for standardization.Amethod is a“candidate”until completion of all phases of theconsensus process specified by ASTM regulations for aproposal,an emergency standard,or a standard.3.2.4 collaborative test,nan interlaboratory s
11、tudy of a testmethod wherein the participants analyze or make measure-ments on sub-samples of the same test material.If the testmethod includes the sampling of atmospheres,the participantsshould sample the same test atmosphere,as possible.3.2.5 laboratory bias,nsystematic differences betweenthe true
12、 value and a value reported by a laboratory due to errorsof application such as losses,contamination,miscalibration,and faulty manipulations,for example.3.2.6 method bias,nsystematic departures of the limitingmean from the true value of the parameter measured,caused byphysical or chemical phenomena
13、inherent in the methodology.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.01 on Quality Control.Current edition approved Sept.1,2022.Published September 2022.Originallyapproved in 1978.Last previous edition approved in 2
14、014 as D3670 91(2014).DOI:10.1520/D3670-91R22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved v
15、ersion of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization establishe
16、d in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.2.7 over-all precision,na value including componentsof within-laboratory and between-user variability.3.2.8 precision,nthe degree of mutual agreement betweenindividual measurements using an analytical method or mea-surement process.In practice,the standard deviation of anentire array of reviewed and acceptable
