1、Designation:D41398(Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Methods forRubber PropertyAdhesion to Flexible Substrate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D413;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revis
2、ion.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of th
3、eadhesion strength between plies of fabric bonded with rubberor the adhesion of the rubber layer in articles made from rubberattached to other material.They are applicable only when theadhered surfaces are approximately plane or uniformly circularas in belting,hose,tire carcasses,or rubber-covered s
4、heetmetal.1.2 When the adhered surfaces contain sharp bends,angles,or other gross irregularities that cannot be avoided in preparingtest specimens,special test methods must be employed forevaluating adhesion.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in pare
5、ntheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulato
6、ry limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organi
7、zation TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3040 Practice for Preparing Precision Statements for Stan-dards Related to Rubber and Rubber Testing(Withdrawn1987)3D3182 Practice for RubberMaterials,Equipment,and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds an
8、d PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from Products3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Two general test methods are given:3.1.1 Static-Mass Method,in which the force required tocause separation between adhered surfaces is applied by meansof grav
9、ity acting on a mass.3.1.2 Machine Method,in which the force required to causeseparation between adhered surfaces is applied by means of atension machine.3.2 Except as may be otherwise specified in these testmethods,the requirements of Practices D3182 and D3183,shall be complied with and are made a
10、part of these testmethods.3.3 In case of conflict between the provisions of these testmethods and those of detailed specifications or test methods fora particular material,the latter shall take precedence.3.4 As covered by these test methods,an adhesion testconsists of applying to a test specimen,un
11、der specifiedconditions,a(measured)force sufficient to strip from thespecimen at a measured rate,a layer of moderate thicknesswith separation(rupture,tearing)at the adhered surfaces.Thenumerical value of the adhesion is expressed as(1)the averageforce required to cause separation at a definite rate,
12、or(2)theaverage rate of separation caused by a known or specifiedforce.In the machine test method,the rate of separation is fixedand the adhesion value must be expressed in terms of themeasured force.With the static-mass test method,either(1)or(2)can be used,but the latter is preferable and will be
13、hereemployed.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 onRubber and Rubber-like Materials and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD11.25 on Rubber Adhesive Systems.Current edition approved Oct.1,2017.Published December 2017.Originallyapproved in 1935.Last previous
14、 edition approved in 2013 as D413 98(2013).DOI:10.1520/D0413-98R17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
15、.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on stand
16、ardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 4.Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are used to ensure the quality of aproduct by determining the force per unit width required toseparate a rubber layer from a flexible substrate such as fabric,fibre,wire,or sheet metal.The acceptable value of adhesionmeasured will,of course,vary
