1、Designation:D 2020 92(Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forMildew(Fungus)Resistance of Paper and Paperboard1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2020;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the ca
2、se of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the qualitative determinationof mildew(fungus)resistance of paper and
3、paperboard,par-ticularly those types which have been given a fungus resistanttreatment.1.2 The two test methods appear in the following order:SectionsMethod ADirect Inoculation,Pure Culture,Nonsterile Specimen6 to 12Method BSoil Burial13 to 171.3 The direct inoculation,pure culture,nonsterile specim
4、enmethod is applicable to paper products that are expected to beused or stored in a damp,warm atmosphere,but out of contactwith damp soil and is the preferred method.The soil burialmethod may be useful,and is recommended,for papers,withor without fungus resistant treatment,which may be in contactwit
5、h damp soil for long periods of time.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limita
6、tions prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,or Related ProductD 828 Test Method for Tensile Breaking Strength of Paperand PaperboardD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1968 Terminology Relating
7、to Paper3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions shall be in accordance withTerminology D 1968 and the Dictionary of Paper.34.Significance and Use4.1 Paper products used or stored in damp warm atmo-spheres or in contact with damp soil are subject to attack byfungus and other microorganisms.These test
8、 methods coverprocedures for evaluating the degree of resistance to attack andfor evaluating the degree and permanency of protection toattack by paper treatments.5.Sampling5.1 Obtain a sample of the paper to be evaluated inaccordance with Practice D 585.METHOD ADIRECT INOCULATION,PURECULTURE,NONSTER
9、ILE SPECIMEN6.Apparatus6.1 Autoclave,capable of being operated at a pressure of 15psi(103 kPa)steam pressure and an exhaust temperature of121C(250F),for sterilization of media.6.2 Bottles for InoculumSeveral 250-mL,narrow-mouthed,square-sectional glass bottles fitted with screw capsare used for wate
10、r blanks.Standard milk-dilution bottlesscribed at the 99-mL level are recommended.The blanks areprepared by adding to each bottle approximately 13 mm ofglass beads,100 mL of water,and three or four drops ofsuitable wetting agent.The water blanks are then ready forsterilizations.6.3 Plugs,nonabsorben
11、t cotton or other suitable closures.6.4 Flaming EquipmentDepending upon the circum-stances,an alcohol lamp or a Bunsen burner may be used toflame the inoculating needle and the mouths of sterile contain-ers.6.5 ContainersErlenmayer flasks,250 mL,or bottles areconvenient containers for sterile media.
12、6.6 Oven,capable of maintaining a temperature of 165C.6.7 Incubator,capable of maintaining a temperature of 2861C to provide proper incubation of the inoculum and for theinoculated specimens.6.8 Inoculating NeedleA standard inoculating needle fit-ted with either 22-or 24-gage Nichrome wire.6.9 Test
13、Tubes18 by 150-mm rimless bacteriological testtubes are used for growing the test organisms.6.10 Petri Dishes,disposable,100 by 15 mm are recom-mended.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 onPaper and Paper Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06
14、.92on Test Methods.Current edition approved Jan.15,1992.Published August 1992.Originallypublished as D 2020 62T.Discontinued 1984 and reinstated 1992.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
15、 volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Formerly published by American Paper&Pulp Assoc.(API),New York,NY(4th ed.,1980).1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.11 PipetsGraduated 5-or
16、 10 mL Mohr pipets,with thetips cut off and fire-polished to give an opening about 3 mm indiameter at the delivery end,are best for pipetting the spore-mycelial inoculum and for measuring the volume of culturemedium added to each Petri dish.The Kolmer is also asatisfactory type of pipet.Presterilized disposable pipets maybe used.6.12 ScissorsA satisfactory type has approximately 100mm cutting edges.6.13 Colony CounterEither of the standard bacterialcolony counters or a large magnifying lens is h
