1、Designation:D172996(Reapproved 2009)Standard Practice forVisual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences ofDiffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1729;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in t
2、he case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe color
3、s of materials depend on the geometric and spectral nature of the illuminating and viewingconditions.This practice specifies standard conditions for appraising the colors and color differencesof opaque specimens that are diffusely illuminated.Daylight,the natural illuminant,is usually ofprimary inte
4、rest,but natural daylight is highly variable and is not available at night or in interiorrooms,so simulated daylight is generally used.Colors may match under a light source with onespectral power distribution,but not under another,so the match is usually confirmed under anothervery different source.
5、An incandescent lamp of low correlated color temperature has long been usedto detect mismatches likely to appear under yellower phases of daylight or incandescent light.Industrial color matchers often verify the match with the kind of light likely to be found where theproduct is sold or used.Judgmen
6、ts must be made by observers with normal color vision.Even so,theremay be substantial individual differences in judgments.1.Scope1.1 This practice specifies the equipment and procedures forvisual appraisal of the colors and color differences of opaquematerials that are diffusely illuminated.These sp
7、ecification areof critical importance in color matching.This practice requiresjudgments by observers with normal color vision.1.2 Critical visual appraisal of colors and color differencesof materials such as metallic and pearlescent paints requiresillumination that is nearly a geometric simulation o
8、f sunlight,because such directional illumination permits observation ofthe glitter and goniochromatism that characterize such materi-als.Such viewing conditions are beyond the scope of thispractice.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses ar
9、e for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to
10、use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D523 Test Method for Specular GlossD1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemD4086 Practice for Visual Evaluation of MetamerismD5531 Guide for Preparation,Maintenance,and Distributionof Physical Product Standards for Color and GeometricApp
11、earance of CoatingsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE SystemE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1499 Guide for Selection,Evaluation,and Training ofObservers1This practice is under the jurisdiction of
12、 ASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on VisualMethods.Current edition approved Dec.1,2009.Published December 2009.Originallyapproved in 1960.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D1729 96(2003).DOI:10.1520/D172996R09.This standard has
13、 been approved for use by agencies of the Department ofDefense to replace Method 4249.1 of Federal Test Method Standard No 141.Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards for the specific year of issuewhich has been adopted by the Department of Defense.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit
14、the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United S
15、tates1 2.2 ISO/CIE Standard:310526 CIE Standard Colorimetric Illuminants(1991)3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of appearance terms used in this practice,refer to Terminology E284.4.Significance and Use4.1 Although color measuring instruments are widely used,color matches are usually checked visually
16、.The standardiza-tion of visual examination has greatly improved the uniformityof products and the accuracy of color matches.4.2 The use of this practice is essential for critical colormatching but is also recommended for any color appraisal,such as the choice or approval of a color.This practice iswidely used in industry to choose colors,exhibit colorsreproducibly,inspect incoming materials,monitor color pro-ducing processes,and inspect finished goods.Visual appraisalis particularly important w
