1、Designation:C146600(Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forGraphite Furnace Atomic Absorption SpectrometricDetermination of Lead and Cadmium Extracted fromCeramic Foodware1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1466;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for using graphitefurnace atom
3、ic absorption spectroscopy(GFAAS)to quantita-tively determine lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid atroom temperature from the food-contact surface of foodware.The method is applicable to food-contact surfaces composed ofsilicate-based materials(earthenware,glazed ceramicware,decorated ceramicw
4、are,decorated glass,and lead crystal glass)and is capable of determining lead concentrations greater than0.005 to 0.020 g/mLand cadmium concentrations greater than0.0005 to 0.002 g/mL,depending on instrument design.1.2 This test method also describes quality control proce-dures to check for contamin
5、ation and matrix interferenceduring GFAAS analyses and a specific sequence of analyticalmeasurements that demonstrates proper instrument operationduring the time period in which sample solutions are analyzed.1.3 Cleaning and other contamination control proceduresare described in this test method.Use
6、rs may modify contami-nation control procedures provided that the modificationsproduce acceptable results and are used for both sample andquality control analyses.1.4 The values stated in SI(metric)units are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 Th
7、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.
8、1 ASTM Standards:2C738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted fromGlazed Ceramic Surfaces3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 calibration solutions4%acetic acid solutions con-taining known amounts of lead or cadmium which are used tocalibrate the instrument.3.1.2
9、 characteristic mass(m0mass(picograms,pg)oflead or cadmium that produces instrument response(peak area)of 0.0044 integrated absorbance(absorbance-seconds,A-s).Characteristic mass is a measure of instrument sensitivity andis a function of instrument design,operating conditions,andanalyte-matrix-graph
10、ite interactions.Characteristic mass iscalculated from the volume of solution in the furnace and theslope of the calibration curve or the concentration that gives aninstrument response in the middle of the working range(that is,approximately 0.100 or 0.200 A-s).Characteristic mass iscompared to manu
11、facturer specifications to verify that theinstrument is optimized.3.1.3 check solutions4%acetic acid solutions containingknown amounts of lead or cadmium which are analyzed in thesame time period and subjected to the same analytical condi-tions and calibration curve as sample solutions.Check solu-ti
12、ons are analyzed to verify that carry-over did not occur andthe instrument was operating correctly during the time periodin which sample solutions were analyzed.Portions of calibra-tion solutions analyzed as unknown test solutions(as opposedto analysis for calibrating the instrument)are used for thi
13、spurpose.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.Current edition approved Nov.1,2016.Published November 2016.Originallyapprove
14、d in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1466 00(2012).DOI:10.1520/C1466-00R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary
15、 page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.4 dilution factor(DF)factor by which concentration intest solution is multiplied to obtain concentration in originalleach solution.For test solutions prepared by
16、 mixing pipet-measured portions of leach solution and diluent,DF=(V1+V2)/V1where V1and V2are volumes of leach solution anddiluent in test solution,respectively.For test solutions preparedby mixing weighed portions of leach solution(gravimetricdilution).DF=WT/W1where:W1is the weight of leachsolution in test solution and WTis the total weight of leachsolution and diluent in the test solution.3.1.5 fortified leach solutiona portion of leach solution towhich a known amount of lead or cadmium is adde
