1、Designation:C89587(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forLead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C895;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last
2、revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the precise determination oflead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from glazed ceramictile that are i
3、ntended for use in areas of food preparation.Theprocedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate therelease of lead from the glaze and to serve,therefore,as asevere test that is unlikely to be matched under the actualconditions of usage of such ceramic tile.This test method isspecific for lead
4、and cadmium.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if
5、 any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted fr
6、omGlazed Ceramic SurfacesC1034 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted FromGlazed Ceramic Cookware(Withdrawn 2001)3C1035 Specification for Lead and Cadmium Extracted fromGlazed Ceramic Cookware(Withdrawn 2001)33.Summary of Test Method3.1 The lead and cadmium extracted from the article undertest,b
7、y acetic acid at 20 to 24C(68 to 75F)after 24 h ofleaching,are measured by atomic absorption spectrophotom-etry using specific hollow-cathode lamps for lead andcadmium,respectively.4.Significance and Use4.1 There are several test methods available to measure thelead and cadmium release from dinnerwa
8、re and cookware(seeTest Methods C738 and C1034 and Specification C1035).These standards are used as a control to ensure the protectionof the population against a possible health hazard.4Thispotential hazard arises with improperly formulated,applied,fired glazes and decorations.This test method deals
9、 specificallywith ceramic tile that are intended to come in contact with foodduring its preparation(for example,counter top tile).5.Interferences5.1 Since specific hollow-cathode lamps for lead and cad-mium are used,there are no interferences.6.Apparatus6.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer,equipp
10、ed with a4-in.(102-mm)single slot or Boling burner head and digitalconcentration readout attachment(DCR)if available.Thisinstrument should have a sensitivity of about 0.5 ppm of leadfor 1%absorption and a sensitivity of about 0.25 ppm ofcadmium for 1%absorption.Use the operating conditions asspecifi
11、ed in the instrument manufacturers analytical methodsmanual.NOTE11 ppm=1 mg/L or one part per million is one milligram perlitre.6.2 Hollow-Cathode Lead Lamp,with wavelength set at283.3 or 217.0 nm.6.3 Hollow-Cathode Cadmium Lamp,with wavelength setat 228.8 nm.6.4 Glassware of chemically resistant bo
12、rosilicate glass tomake reagents and solutions.6.5 Test CellChemically resistant borosilicate glass cylin-der to contain the leaching solution.An open-ended cellapproximately 80 mm in length and 60 mm in internal diameterhas proven suitable.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committe
13、e C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1978.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C895 87(2009).DOI:10.1520/C0895-87R14.2For referenced
14、 ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.o
15、rg.4“Lead Industries,Inc.,”Proceedings,International Conference on CeramicFoodware Safety,1975,pp.817.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless
16、 otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Societywhere such specifications are available.5Other grades may beused provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water shall be understood to mean distilled water.7.3 Acetic Acid
