1、Designation:E289413Standard Test Method forApplying Aerosolized Bacillus Spores as Dry Inocula toInanimate Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2894;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of
2、 last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONBacillus anthracis,the causative agent of anthrax,poses a formidable threat as an infectiousbioagent.Acombination of sign
3、ificant environmental stability,ease of production,2and high mortalitythrough the inhalational route3makes B.anthracis an ideal bioagent.Aerosolized powders areexpected to be the primary mechanism for disseminating B.anthracis spores,likely delivered as anaerosol cloud from either a line-source,for
4、example,low-flying aircraft,or point-source,for example,spray device.The characteristics of the aerosol(particle size and composition)will influence itsbehavior,thereby affecting its potency as a threat agent.This test method is designed to performsurface deposition of aerosolized spores with the pr
5、imary objective of evaluating the utility ofself-sanitizing antimicrobial materials(SSAMs).However,it could be used for other types of research,for example,decontamination,reaerosolization,fate and transport,contamination avoidance,collec-tive protection,and individual protection,as well.We are awar
6、e of other consensus standards forapplying spores to surfaces(Test Method E2149,AATCC Test Method 100,Test Method E2180),butthese methods are based on liquid inocula.SSAMs are more active in the presence of moisture,4andthus standard test methods using water-based inocula may overestimate their effe
7、ctiveness.Protocolsfor the preparation,aerosolization,extraction,viable enumeration,and calculation of spores for testingand determining the effectiveness of SSAMs are described.1.Scope1.1 This test method is designed to uniformly apply fluid-ized spores to surfaces as an aerosol under defined condi
8、tions.1.2 This test method is specific to B.anthracis Delta()Sterne(BAS),but could be adapted for work with othertypes of Bacillus species.1.3 This test method is suitable for working with any type ofenvironmental surface.1.4 This test method should be performed only by thosetrained in aerobiology,m
9、icrobiology,or a combination thereof.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user o
10、f this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5E1054 Test Methods for Evaluation of Inactivators of Anti-microbial AgentsE2149 Test Method for Determining the Anti
11、microbial Ac-tivity of Antimicrobial Agents Under Dynamic ContactConditions1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides,Antimicrobials,and Alternative Control Agents and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents.Current edition appro
12、ved Oct.1,2013.Published March 2014.Originallyapproved in 2012.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E289412.DOI:10.1520/E2894-13.2Woods,J.B.,Darling,R.G.,Dembek,Z.F.,Carr,B.K.,Cieslak,T.J.,andLawler,J.V.,et al.,USAMRIIDs Medical Management of Biological CasualtiesHandbook,6th edition,U.S.Army M
13、edical Research Institute of InfectiousDiseases,Fort Detrick,Frederick,MD,2005.3LeClaire,R.D.,and Pitt,M.L.M.,“Biological Weapons Defense:EffectLevels,”Biological Weapons Defense:Infectious Diseases and Counterterrorism,Humana Press Inc.,Totowa,NJ,2005,pp.4161.4Prugh,A.,and Calomiris,J.J.,“Inactivat
14、ion of Bacillus anthracis SporesDelivered as Liquid Suspension or Aerosol to Self-Decontaminating Fabric,”Defense Technical Information Center(DTIC),AFRL-HE-WP-TP-2006-0060,2006.5For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For
15、Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E2180 Test Method for Determining the Activity of Incor-porated Antimicrobial
16、Agent(s)In Polymeric or Hydro-phobic MaterialsE2756 Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and AntiviralAgents2.2 AATCC Standards:6AATCC Test Method 100 Antimicrobial Finishes on TextileMaterials:Assessment of3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in thistest method,refer to Terminology E2756.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aerosol,na suspension of solid or liquid particles ina gaseous medium.3.2.2 anthrax,nan infectious disease of warm-bloodeda
