1、Designation:E313417Standard Specification forTransportation Tunnel Structural Components and PassiveFire Protection Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3134;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the
2、 year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONFire poses a serious threat to the structural stability of tunnels as shown by real fires in tunnels overthe last
3、 decade.The damage is a serious threat to life safety and results in costly repairs and lostservice time.The damage is mitigated with heat-resistant concrete and passive fire-resistive materialsand systems.The result is limited spalling of concrete,limited structural damage of the concrete viacracks
4、 to the cold zone,and limited temperature increases of the reinforcing steel.Further,thefire-resistive methods employed are also optionally evaluated against common environmentalexposures,which could adversely affect the performance or fire-resistance rating.1.Scope1.1 This specification is applicab
5、le to the fire resistance ofconcrete tunnel linings,fire-resistive materials,and structuraltunnel members.1.2 Concrete mix design,tunnel linings,and passive fireprotection methods are specific to each tunnel project.There-fore results of the spalling test are only valid for the specificmaterials and
6、 systems employed during each test,notwith-standing maximum and minimum limitations.1.3 Tunnels are potentially exposed to ground water,eventhose passing through elevated terrain,such as mountains,roadsalt,and maintenance surface washing.Consideration shall begiven to potential adverse effects that
7、result,such as materialdegradation due to these exposures.1.4 Movement joints shall be considered and their impact onthe overall fire resistance shall be assessed by testing.Testsshall be conducted as a system.1.5 This specification does not address mechanical attach-ment methods for equipment due t
8、o the vast variety of possiblemethods and loads.However,consideration shall be given tomethods that appreciably affect the concrete temperature dur-ing the heating conditions.Consideration shall be given to asecond test conducted with the attachment to evaluate theeffect.The attachment test shall in
9、clude the largest diameteranchor,the deepest installed anchor,and the largest loadapplied to the anchor.This requirement results in a singleanchor being tested or multiple anchors being tested.Ifmultiple anchors are required to be tested,then each shall betested under its maximum load.1.6 This speci
10、fication requires testing of both horizontal andvertical orientations.For fire-resistive materials,it is generallyaccepted that the horizontal orientation represents the worstcase test scenario.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are mathem
11、aticalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials,products,or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions,but does not,by itself,incorporate all factors
12、required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials,products,or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous.Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all o
13、f thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accor
14、-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approv
15、ed Dec.15,2017.Published March 2018.DOI:10.1520/E3134-17.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in th
16、e Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 Development of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of HydraulicCement Mortars(Using 2-in.or 50-mm Cube Speci-mens)E84 Test Method for Surfa
