1、Designation:F144615bAn American National StandardStandard Test Methods forEquipment and Procedures Used in Evaluating thePerformance Characteristics of Protective Headgear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1446;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
2、original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThese test methods specify equipment and procedures used for test
3、ing protective headgear.Individual ASTM performance standards(standard specifications)will use these procedures andequipment.Test conditions,pass-fail criteria,and other performance requirements will be specified inthe individual performance standards,tailored to the needs of a particular activity(f
4、or example,bicycling,skateboarding,skiing,etc.).These test methods were developed using resources in medical,scientific,mechanical engineering,human factors,and biomechanical fields.However,it is recognized that it is not possible to write aprotective headgear performance standard that will result i
5、n headgear that can protect against injuryor death in all accidents.It is also recognized that serious injury or death can result from both low-and high-energy impacts,even when protective headgear is worn.These test methods incorporate aspects of other recognized headgear performance standards.They
6、draw from work done by others where appropriate for these test methods.These standards arereferenced within this standard test method.It should be noted that these test methods specifylaboratory tests of completed headgear to measure its ability to reduce head acceleration during useand other select
7、ed parameters.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover laboratory equipment,procedures,and basic requirements pertinent to testing protec-tive headgear.Deviations or additions,or both,to these testmethods will be specified,as required,in individual ASTMperformance standards.1.2 RequirementsThe protective
8、 headgear is to be testedunder specified environmental conditions for the following:1.2.1 Impact attenuation(the limiting of head acceleration)of the protective headgear,and1.2.2 Strength and stability of the retention system and itsattachment to the protective headgear.1.2.3 Special tests for parti
9、cular protective headgear useswill be specified in the individual performance standards to beused in conjunction with these test methods.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta
10、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine t
11、he Precision of a Test MethodF2220 Specification for Headforms2.2 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard:3218 S7.1.8 Motorcycle Helmets2.3 SAE Standard:4SAE J211 Recommended Practice for Instrumentation forImpact TestsRequirements for Channel Class 10001These test methods are under the jurisdiction o
12、f ASTM Committee F08 onSports Equipment,Playing Surfaces,and Facilities and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets.Current edition approved Nov.1,2015.Published January 2016.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F1446 15a.DOI:10.152
13、0/F1446-15B.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Highway Traffic SafetyAdminis
14、tration(NHTSA),4007th St.,NW,Washington,DC 20590.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE),400 CommonwealthDr.,Warrendale,PA 15096-0001.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.Reference Table3.1 For references to thes
15、e test methods,the standard termsfor reference are listed in bold type in Table 1 with the items toconsider for each method.For conditions and anvils,use thestandard term listed in Table 1.Referring to section numbers inthese test methods is not the recommended method for refer-ence.4.Terminology4.1
16、 Definitions:4.1.1 basic plane,nan anatomical plane(Frankfort Hori-zontal Plane)that includes the superior rim of the externalauditory meatus(upper edge of the external openings of theear)and the inferior margin of the orbit(the lowest point of thefloor of the eye socket).4.1.1.1 DiscussionThe headforms are marked with thebasic plane(see Figs.1 and 2).4.1.2 coronal plane,nan anatomical plane perpendicularto both the basic and midsagittal planes and passing throughthe superior rims of the right a
