1、:ii:i i:i-i ;i ill:i:i:ii:/:i Zii!b:v.:,:,i!.ii:i i ii%,:i iii:i!i!ii:i:iiii:i?Design and Installation of Exterior Dimension Stone Systems MICHAEL D.LEWIS,AIA ASTM Manual Series:MNL 21 ASTM Publication Code Number(PCN)28-021095-10 1916 Race Street Philadelphia,PA 19103-1187 Library of Congress Catal
2、oging-in-Publication Data Modern stone cladding:design and installation of exterior dimension stone systems/Michael D.Lewis,editor.p.cm.-(ASTM manual series:MNL 21)ASTM publication code number(PCN)28-021095-10.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8031-2061-3 1.Curtain walls-Design an
3、d construction.2.Stone veneers.I.Lewis,Michael D.,1960-.II.Series.TH2238.M63 1995 693.1-dc20 95-37436 CIP Copyright 01995 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS,Philadelphia,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electro
4、nic,film or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use,or the internal or personal use of specific clients,is granted by the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS for users regi
5、stered with the Copyright Clearance Center(CCC)Transactional Reporting Service,provided that the base fee of$2.50 per copy,plus$0.50 per page is paid directly to CCC,27 Congress St.,Salem,MA 01970;(508)744-3350.For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy licence by CCC,a separate syst
6、em of payment has been arranged.The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is 0-8031-2061-3 95$2.50+.50.Printed in Philadelphia,PA September 1995 J ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS While many contributed immeasurably to this effort,the inexhaustible patience of my wife Marianne and my two sons Je
7、nsen and Alexander made this work possible.They sacrificed endless evenings and weekends through the last ten years to study,practice,and share the technology of.rocks on buildings.Without their support and infinite patience,this book would not be possible.ABSTRACT/x FOREWORD xi 1 2 INTRODUCTION TO
8、MODERN STONE CLADDING:Approaching Design with Rational Principles The Professionals Design Responsibility The Development Of Cladding Fundamentals Boundary Conditions for Stone Cladding Legitimate Testing in Comparison to Existing Skins Organization of the Evaluation Process Engineering Decisions Th
9、at Derive Designs Partnering Makes This Approach Successful How Future Architecture Benefits from Modern Stone Cladding PRECEDENTS TO MODERN STONE CLADDING:How Stone Became Thin on Building Skins Stones Tradition As Shelter The Ascent of the Bearing Wall Wall Metamorphosis Caused by the Iron Skeleto
10、n Slender Iron Members Replace Massive Masonry Piers The Masonry Curtainwall Is Born from Fire Commercial Momentum Outpaces Masonrys Conventional Limits Consequences Learned from Freeing the Facade from the Frame Architectural Fashion Exploits a Skin Separate from Skeleton Reluctant Rejection of Tra
11、ditional Style Unexpected Problems with Early Thin Walls Engineering Analysis Evolves with Construction Ingenuity Adapting Stone to Fit into Metal Curtainwalls Modernized Dimension Stone Manufacturing Stones Potential in the Futures Architecture eV vi MODERN STONE CLADDING THE FUTURE OF STONE CLADDI
12、NG:Toward Load-And-Resistance Factor Design for Exterior Stone Cladding 23 4 DETERMINING RESPONSIBLE DESIGN VALUES:Formulating Load-And-Resistance Factor Design for Exterior Stone Cladding Failure Means Fracture Risks Compared with Their Consequences Reliability with Changing Variables Load Derivati
13、on and Design Applications Consolidated Uncertainties in Current Stone Engineering Segregated Uncertainties in a Limit-State Approach Factors for Loads and Resistances GUIDE SPECIFICATION FOR STONE CLADDING SYSTEMS Scope and Applicability of This Guide Specification Why Thin Stone Requires a Unique
14、Engineering Process The Structure of The Engineering Process A Stone Systems Boundary Conditions The Engineering Sequence A Case Study That Applies the Sequence The Approach Related to Existing Practices Standards for Depicting and Specifying Stonework Standards for Presenting Stonework in Contract
15、Documents Limits and Dependencies on Interfacing Work The Special Abilities of a Qualified Stone Cladding Designer Materials Used to Construct Interfacing Systems in Exterior Walls Metal Integrity and Compatibility Joint Filler Function and Capability How to Keep Exterior Joints Weathertight Stone P
16、anel Movement Freedom The Environmental and Structural-Proof Function Of The Joint Isolation of Components That Occupy the Joint Static Effects That Influence Joint Sizing Dynamic Effects That Influence Joint Sizing Effects That Change Horizontal Joint Widths Effects That Change Vertical Joint Widths Testing Used to Design Stone and Its Anchors Factors That Influence Stone and Anchorage Performance An Approach to Objectively Evaluate These Influences Standard Methods from The American Society fo
