1、Designation:F181511An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forSaturated Hydraulic Conductivity,Water Retention,Porosity,and Bulk Density of Athletic Field Rootzones1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1815;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yea
2、r oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the measurements of saturatedhydrauli
3、c conductivity,water retention,porosity(includingdistribution of capillary and air-filled porosity at a known soilsuction),and bulk density on sand-based root zone mixes to beused for construction and topdressing of golf course puttinggreens including United States Golf Association(USGA)recommended
4、greens,golf course tees,sand-based sportsfields,or other highly trafficked turfgrass areas.These testmethods are designed for sand-based mixes and are notintended for use with fine or medium textured soils,forexample,sandy loams and loams.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thest
5、andard.The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicab
6、ility of regulatorylimitations prior to its use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2974 Test Methods for Moisture,Ash,and
7、Organic Matterof Peat and Other Organic SoilsD4643 Test Method for Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil by Microwave Oven HeatingD4959 Test Method for Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil By Direct HeatingD5550 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byGas PycnometerE11
8、 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesF1647 Test Methods for Organic Matter Content of AthleticField Rootzone Mixes3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Test Method ASaturated hydraulic conductivity isdetermined on compacted,saturated mix or sand soil cores.Water flow through the core i
9、s maintained at a constanthydraulic head until a steady flow rate is achieved,at whichtime aliquots of the outflow are collected.3.2 Test Method BWater retention is obtained at a soilsuction as defined by the design architect or engineer in thespecifications.In lieu of a specification,or if testing
10、for USGAgreens,the water retention shall be determined at a soil suctionof 30 cm.The water shall be extracted from a prepared core bymeans of a tension table or other water extraction apparatus.When equilibrium is achieved,the weight is recorded.The coreis oven dried at 105C until a constant weight
11、is obtained.Water retention is calculated on an oven dried basis.Bulkdensity is calculated from the mix or sand dry weight andvolume.3.3 Test Method CTotal porosity is calculated from thebulk density and particle density.3.4 Test Method DCapillary porosity is calculated fromthe bulk density and wate
12、r retention information.Air-filled oraeration porosity is calculated from the difference of total andcapillary porosity.4.Apparatus4.1 Cylinders,made of metal,PVC,or similar rigid mate-rials shall have an inside diameter of 51 or 76+2 mm(2 or 3+0.08 in.),and a height of 76+2 mm(3+0.08 in.).4.2 Compa
13、ctor,shall be such as to exert a total potentialenergy of 3.03 J/cm2(14.3 ft-lb/in.2)across the cross-sectionalarea of the core.Fig.1 shows an example of such a devicewhere a weighted hammer is dropped 15 times from a height of305+2 mm(12+0.08 in.).A51 mm(2 in.)diameter core will1These test methods
14、are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 onSports Equipment and Facilitiesand are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF08.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces.Current edition approved April 1,2011.Published May 2011.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1815 06
15、.DOI:10.1520/F1815-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor
16、 Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 require 15 drops of a 1.36 kg(3 lb)hammer from a height of305 mm(12 in.).A76 mm core will require 15 drops of a 3.02kg(6.7 lb)hammer from a height of 305 mm(12 in).The dropsshall be completed within 1 min.The compactor shall rest ona rigid foundation such as a cube of concrete with a mass of notless than 40 kg(90 lb).Secure the base of the compactor to thefoundation.The diameter of the compaction foot should besufficient to preven
