1、Designation:F168616Standard Guide forSurveys to Document and Assess Oiling Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1686;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers field procedures by which data can becollected in a systematic manner to document and assess theoiling conditions on shorelines,river
3、banks,and lake shores(shores and substrates)plus dry land habitats(terrain).1.2 This guide does not address the terminology that is usedto define and describe terrain oiling conditions,the ecologicalcharacter of oiled terrain,or the cultural or other resources thatcan be present.1.3 The guide is app
4、licable to marine coasts(includingestuaries)and to freshwater environments(rivers and lakes)and to dry land habitats.In alignment with Guide F2204:1.3.1 For the purpose of this guide,marine and estuarineshorelines,river banks,and lake shores will be collectivelyreferred to as shorelines,shores,or sh
5、ore-zones.1.3.2 Shore types include a range of impermeable(bedrock,ice,and manmade structures),permeable(flats,beaches,andmanmade),and coastal wetland(marshes,mangroves)habitats.1.4 Other non-shoreline,inland habitats include wetlands(pond,fen,bog,swamp,tundra,and shrub)and drier terrains(grassland,
6、desert,forests),and will be collectively referred toas either wetlands or terrains,respectively.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,as
7、sociated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1687 Guide for Terminology and Indices to Describe Oil-i
8、ng Conditions on ShorelinesF1779 Practice for Reporting Visual Observations of Oil onWaterF2204 Guide for Describing Shoreline and Inland ResponseTechniques3.Significance and Use3.1 Systematic surveys provide data on shoreline,lakeshore,river bank or other terrains character and oiling conditionsfro
9、m which informed planning and operational decisions canbe developed with respect to cleanup(1-4).3In particular,thedata are used by decision makers to determine which oiledareas require treatment and to develop end-point criteria for useas targets for the field operations.3.2 Surveys may include one
10、 or more of four components orphases,as listed below.The scale of an affected area plusquantity and availability of pre-spill information will influencethe selection of survey components and its level of detail.3.2.1 The aerial reconnaissance survey phase provides aperspective on the overall extent
11、and general nature of theoiling conditions.This information is used in conjunction withenvironmental,resource,and cultural sensitivity data to guideshoreline protection,recovery of mobile oil,and to facilitatethe more detailed response planning and priorities of theresponse operations.3.2.2 The aeri
12、al video survey(s)phase provides systematicaudio and video documentation of the extent and type of oilingconditions,physical character,and logistics information,suchas access and staging data.3.2.3 The ground assessment survey(s)phase provides thenecessary information and data to develop appropriate
13、 re-sponse recommendations.A field team(s)collects detailedinformation on oil conditions,the physical and ecological1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.17 on Shoreline Countermeas
14、ures.Current edition approved Jan.1,2016.Published February 2016.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1686 091.DOI:10.1520/F1686-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book o
15、f ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United Sta
16、tes1 character of oiled areas,and resources or cultural features thatmay affect or be affected by the timing or implementation ofresponse activities.3.2.4 The post-treatment inspection ground survey ormonitoring phase provides the necessary information and datato ensure a segment,that is part of the response program,hasbeen treated to the approved end-point criterion.(5)3.3 In order to ensure data consistency,it is important to usestandardized terminology and definitions in describing oilingcond
