1、Designation:F226911An American National StandardStandard Guide forMaintaining Warm Season Turfgrasses on Athletic Fields1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2269;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the ye
2、ar of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the minimum requirements for main-taining warm-season turfgrasses used for natural surface ath-leti
3、c fields.Practices covered include mowing,fertilization,irrigation,corecultivation,winteroverseeding,pestmanagement,and requirements for management of dormantturf winter overseeded with cool-season turf(see also GuideF2060).1.2 The decisions involved in maintaining a quality naturalplaying surface s
4、hould consider soil types,local climate andother factors.Therefore,it is recommended that you contactyour local cooperative extension service for more specificinformation on soils,and grass species and cultivars adapted toyour area.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.
5、The values in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations,and equipment.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with itsuse.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriat
6、e safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2060 Guide for Maintaining Cool Season Turfgrasses onAthletic FieldsF2651 Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Charac-teristics of Natural Playing S
7、urfaces3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Except as noted,soil-related and turfgrass-relateddefinitions are in accordance with Terminology F2651.4.Significance and Use4.1 A dense,uniform stand of turfgrass on a playing surfaceimproves the playing quality and safety of the field byproviding firm foot
8、ing for the athletes and by cushioning theirimpact from falls,tackles or slides.These standards are theminimum inputs required to provide such a surface.Variouspublished guides have been used in the development of thisstandard(1-8).34.2 Field conditions may directly influence the frequencyand type o
9、f athletic injuries occurring as a result of using thefields.While these standards do not guarantee that such injurieswill be prevented,a well maintained turf on a natural playingsurface should minimize field-related injuries.5.Apparatus5.1 GeneralExperience and good judgment are importantto match t
10、he proper type of equipment to the nature of the taskto be performed.5.1.1 Mowing EquipmentMower types include reel,rotary,and flail;although the latter type is not recommendedfor fine playing surfaces.A reel mower should be used forplaying surfaces requiring mowing at less than 2.5 cm(1.0 in.).Mowe
11、r blades should always be kept sharp and properlyadjusted in accordance to manufacturers recommendations.Mowing equipment should be operated in a speed range(ground and engine speed)consistent with the manufacturersrecommendation.5.1.2 SpreadersSpreaders are necessary if dry fertilizer orpest contro
12、l materials are to be applied.Spreader types mayinclude drop,rotary(centrifugal,spinner),or oscillating.Spreaders should be calibrated to deliver the desired,labeled,or recommended rate of fertilizer or pest control product beingapplied.5.1.3 SprayersSprayers are necessary if liquid fertilizersor pe
13、st control materials are to be applied.Low pressuresystems are recommended.Sprayers should be calibrated todeliver the desired,labeled,or recommended rate of fertilizeror pest control product being applied.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment,Playing Surface
14、s,and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces.Current edition approved June 1,2011.Published July 2011.Originally approvedin 2003.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2269 03.DOI:10.1520/F2269-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the AST
15、M website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM
16、 International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.1.4 Core CultivatorsCore cultivation(aerification,cor-ing)equipment relieves soil surface compaction.Core cultiva-tors should be of the type that physically removes soil,such asa hollow tine or spoon.Cultivators with 1.3 to 1.9 cm(12to34in.)tines on spacing not more than 15 cm(6 in.)should be usedon all playing surfaces.Spikers,slicers,or similar types ofequipment are not as effective for relieving
