1、Designation:F268009(Reapproved 2014)An American National StandardStandard Specification forManually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems forBicycles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2680;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers the standard for front wheelretention systems for all bicycle
3、s equipped with manuallyoperated retention systems such as a quick release.1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped withmanually operated retention systems,and does not apply totool-operated wheel fastening systems.1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the perfor-mance of pri
4、mary and secondary wheel retention systems,withthe focus on preventing unintended wheel separation.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any
5、,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 adult bicycle,nbicycle des
6、igned for,and marketedto,adult riders.2.1.2 bicycle fork(fork),nmechanism between the headtube and front hub axle,including some or all of the followingcomponents;the steerer tube,crown,fork blades,triple clamps,shock absorbers,lower tubes,upper tubes and dropouts(forkends).2.1.3 direction of remova
7、l of the wheel from the fork,ndirection,when both primary and secondary wheel reten-tion systems are disengaged,that provides the least resistanceto wheel and fork separation or wheel removal.2.1.4 dropout(fork end),nfork component used tosupport,or mount,the front wheel at the axle.2.1.5 manually o
8、perated,adjwithout the use of tools.2.1.6 primary retention,nsystem that keeps the bicyclewheel connected to the bicycle fork for riding.2.1.7 primary retention system in the unlocked position,nposition where,(1)if a quick release cam is used,the camis opened as far as possible or(2)if a turning sty
9、le system suchas a wing nut or another non-cam style system is used,themanual lever is loosened 360.2.1.8 quick release mechanism,nlever-actuated cammechanism that connects and retains the bicycle front wheel tothe bicycle fork.2.1.9 secondary retention,nsystem that retains the bicyclewheel in the d
10、ropouts when the primary retention system is inthe open(unlocked)position.2.1.10 wheel hub,nassembly consisting of an axle con-nected by bearings to a hub shell,to which the spokes attach,and permitting the shell to revolve around the axle.3.Performance Requirements3.1 Bicycles equipped with manuall
11、y operated primaryretention systems shall be equipped with secondary retentionsystems.3.2 The primary retention system shall prevent relativemotion between the front wheel axle and the front fork whentested as shown in Fig.1 by the methods described in 4.1.1.3.3 The secondary retention system shall
12、prevent frontwheel removal or partial separation when tested by themethods described in 4.1.2.An example of one type of frontwheel partial separation is shown in Fig.2.3.4 Manually operated wheel retention systems shall not beused on bicycles with 20-in.(51-cm)diameter wheels orsmaller(excluding adu
13、lt bicycles).4.Test Methods4.1 Test SetupAssemble and adjust the primary and sec-ondary retention systems according to the manufacturers in-structions.Remove the braking system entirely or set to thestate for wheel removal.With no tire on the wheel,and the forknon-rotatably mounted only by the steer
14、er tube:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment,Playing Surfaces,and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.Current edition approved April 1,2014.Published May 2014.Originallyapproved in 2009.Last previous edition
15、approved in 2009 as F2680 09.DOI:10.1520/F2680-09R14.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.1.1 Primary Retention TestLock the primary retentionsystem for the riding condition and apply a force of 2300 N thatis distributed symm
16、etrically on the axle for a period of 1 minin the direction of removal of the wheel from the fork.4.1.2 Secondary Retention TestAs shown in Fig.3,withthe primary retention system in the unlocked position,apply aForce“A”of 200 N distributed symmetrically on the axle inthe direction of the removal of the wheel from the fork.Whileapplying Force“A”,apply an additional 100 N Force“B”onthe wheel rim as follows:(1)LocationAt the intersection of the extension of theForce“A”vector and a rim of maximum si
