1、Designation:F246412Standard Guide forCleaning of Various Oiled Shorelines and Habitats1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2464;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides information on shoreline types andsensitive habitats that can be used as guidance for selectingappropriate cleaning techniques foll
3、owing an oil spill.Thisguide does not address protected archaeological,historical,orcultural sites.1.2 This guides emphasis is on typical physical and bio-logical attributes of coastal and inland habitats that could be atrisk from oil spills.It reviews and encompasses the entirespectrum of shoreline
4、 types representing a wide range ofsensitivities.It is largely based on NOAAs and APIs publi-cations listed in Section 2.1.3 This guide provides only very broad guidance oncleaning strategies for the various habitats.For more in-depthguidance,the reader is referred to Section 2,ReferencedDocuments.1
5、.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pri
6、ate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2205 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use ofChemical Dispersants in Oil Spill Response:TropicalEnvironments2.2 Other Publications:API Publicat
7、ion 4706 Environmental Considerations forMarine Oil Spill Response,20013API and NOAA 4558 Options for Minimizing Environmen-tal Impacts of Freshwater Spill Response,19953NOAA Characteristic Coastal Habitats,Choosing Spill Re-sponse Alternatives,June 201043.Significance and Use3.1 One of the key cons
8、iderations in making sound cleanupdecisions for oiled shorelines is the relative sensitivity of theimpacted area.Some areas are very sensitive and certaincleaning methods could cause more harm than benefit.In suchcases,natural recovery will be the preferred approach.In othercases,depending on the ty
9、pe of oil,the amount of oil presentmay be so extensive that recovery will be significantly delayedor not occur at all unless active intervention is carried out.3.2 This guide presents summary information taken frompublications listed in Section 2 on the relative physical andbiological sensitivities
10、of shorelines for coastal and inlandhabitats.Use this guide together with the referenced publica-tions and ASTM guides to make informed decisions prior toundertaking cleaning operations.Consult appropriate govern-ment agencies according to law.3.3 The relative sensitivities of shorelines and resourc
11、esrelate to a number of factors:3.3.1 Shoreline type(substrate,grain size,tidal elevation,etc.),3.3.2 Biological productivity,diversity and vulnerability,3.3.3 Exposure to wave and tidal energy,and3.3.4 Ability to conduct cleanup without further damage.4.Description and Relative Sensitivity of Shore
12、lines4.1 This section summarizes the types of shorelines andhabitats that may be impacted by an oil spill.The Environ-mental Sensitivity Index(ESI)is frequently used to character-ize relative sensitivity of shorelines to oil spills.Areas exposedto high levels of physical energy and containing low bi
13、ological1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.17 on Shoreline Countermeasures.Current edition approved Sept.1,2012.Published September 2012.Originallyapproved in 2005.Last previous
14、 edition approved in 2005 as F2464 05.DOI:10.1520/F2464-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Availa
15、ble from the American Petroleum Institute(API),1220 L.Street,NW,Washington,DC 200051070,http:/www.api.org4Available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),14th St.and Constitution Ave.,NW,Room 6217,Washington,DC 20230.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box
16、C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 activity would rank low(ESI=1,example:exposed rockyshores).Sheltered areas with associated high biological activityhave the highest ranking(ESI=10,example:mangroves).Broad guidelines are provided on preferred strategies forcleaning these shorelines following an oil spill incident.4.2 Exposed Rocky ShoresAlso known as exposed wave-cut cliffs.The intertidal zone is steep(more than 30 to 45slope)and narrow with little width.Access can be difficult
