1、Manual on Selection and Use of Engine Coolants and Cooling System Chemicals:4th Edition Joseph A.Lima and George R.Otterman,editors ASTM Manual Series:MNL 6 Revision of STP 120B%ASTM 1916 Race Street Phildelphia,PA 19103 Library of Congress Cataloging-ln-Pnblication Data Manual on selection and use
2、of engine coolants and cooling system chemicals/Joseph A.Lima and George R.Otterman,editors.4th ed.(ASTM manual series;MNL 6)(Special technical publication;STP 120)ISBN 0-8031-1265-3 1.Anti-freeze solutions.I.Lima,Joseph A.II.Otterman,George R.III.Series.IV.Series:ASTM special technical publication;
3、120.TP362.M36 1988 629.2 56dcl9 89-342 CIP 1989 by American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM Publication Code Number(PCN)28-006089-15 NOTE:The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Baltimore,MD May 1989 Contents Introductio
4、n 1 The Engine Cooling System 1 Purpose 1 Need for Antifreeze Coolant 1 The New Role of the Coolant 2 Antifreeze Coolants 3 Types of Antifreeze Coolant 3 Antifreeze Coolant Composition 4 Properties of Antifreeze Coolants 7 Water Quality 8 Installation and Service 8 Preparing the Cooling System 8 Ins
5、talling the Engine Coolant Concentrate 10 Checking Freezing Point/Boiling Point 10 Recommended Period of Use 11 Cooling System Chemicals 11 Stop-Leaks 11 Cleaners 12 Antirusts 13 Cool Additives 14 Supplemental Coolant Additives 14 List of Tables Table 1Boiling Points of Various Concentrations of Eth
6、ylene Glycol 2 Table 2Typical Physical Properties of Coolant Compounds 7 Table 3Water Quality 8 List of Figures Figure 1Coolant Pump Damaged by Cavitation-Erosion-Corrosion 3 Figure 2Engine Dynamometer Test Equipment 5 Figure 3Exhaust Gas Leakage into the Cooling System 6 Figure 4Flow Diagram Showin
7、g Simplified Method of Flushing the Cooling System 9 Figure 5Leakage of Coolant into the Engine Through a Loose Cylinder Head Joint 10 Figure 6Slush-ice Freezeup in the Radiator 11 Figure 7Radiator Solder Corrosion Deposits at the Tube to Header Joint as Viewed Through the Filler Neck 13 MNL6-EB/May
8、 1989 Introduction This ASTM manual has been developed by Committee D-15 on Engine Coolants and is a revision to ASTM Special Technical Publication(STP)120B.This publication provides con-sumers with practical information and advice on engine coolants as well as cooling system chemicals,such as clean
9、ing compounds and practices,antirusts,and stop-leaks.This fourth edition presents new information on coolants containing silicates for the protection of alumi-num components in todays engines.More detailed information on engine components,antifreeze,coolants,and cooling system maintenance was presen
10、ted at two Committee D-15 symposia and published in STP 705 and STP 887 on Engine Coolant Testing.Good cooling system maintenance is an important factor in maintaining the efficient operation of a liquid cooled engine.Any operation of engines using water alone,as the coolant,will cause some degree o
11、f corrosion.Selection and use of proper coolant or coolant treatment for your engine cannot be overemphasized.This manual will assist the consumer in selecting quality engine coolants and proper maintenance procedures to ensure efficient and trouble free operation of todays engine cooling systems.Th
12、e procedures and practices described herein have no official status as ASTM standards.However,Committee D-15 has developed full consensus standards,and some of these standards are specifically cited in this manual.The full set of the Committee D-15 standards on engine coolants are published in Volum
13、e 15.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.This manual may involve hazardous materials,operations,and equipment,and does not pur-port to address all of the safety problems associated with their use.It is the responsibility of the user of this manual to establish appropriate safety and health pract
14、ices and determine the ap-plicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.The revisions of this manual were prepared by a D-15 task group consisting of the following members:N.R.Cooper,Union Carbide Corp.,R.H.Faye,Dow Chemical Corp.,J.A.Lima,Houghton Chemical Corp.,and G.R.Otterman,General Motors
15、 Corp.Union Carbide Corp.is acknowledged for contributing photographs for this publication.The Engine Cooling System Purpose The purpose of an engine cooling system is to remove excess heat produced by engine opera-tion and control metal temperatures within safe limits.High speed driving with todays
16、 engines can produce enough heat energy to melt a 200 lb(91 kg)cast iron engine block in 20 minutes/!Even operating at moderate speeds,the temperatures inside the engine are extremely high.Combustion gas temperatures may be as high as 4500F(2482C).The heads of the exhaust valves may be red hot,and the temperature of lubricated parts,such as pistons,may run 200F(93C)or more above the boiling point of water.When metal temperatures are not controlled by adequate cooling,the consequences are lubrica
