1、interactivestudenteditionLevel GreenThese ocean cliffs on theVictoria coast in Australia are called the Twelve Apostles.They form a background forwild horses running through a field.The inset photo is amodel of an aspirin molecule.These elements represent theEarth,life,and physicalsciences,respectiv
2、ely.Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus,OH 43240-4027ISBN:978-0-07-877808-7MHID:0-07-877808-5Printed in the United States of America.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 079/043 09 08 07Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Except as permitted underthe Uni
3、ted States Copyright Act,no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in anyform or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without prior written permission of the publisher.The National Geographic features were designed and developed by the National Geographic Socie
4、tysEducation Division.Copyright National Geographic Society.The name“National Geographic Society”and the Yellow Border Rectangle are trademarks of the Society,and their use,without prior writtenpermission,is strictly prohibited.The“Science and Society”and the“Science and History”features that appear
5、 in this book weredesigned and developed by TIME School Publishing,a division of TIME Magazine.TIME and the redborder are trademarks of Time Inc.All rights reserved.Earths Materials.2Chapter 1The Nature of Science.4Chapter 2Minerals.28Chapter 3Rocks.56Earths Atmosphere and Beyond.86Chapter 4Atmosphe
6、re.88Chapter 5Weather.116Chapter 6Climate.146Chapter 7Earth in Space.176The Basis of Life.210Chapter 8Lifes Structure and Classification.212Chapter 9Cell Processes.244Chapter 10Cell Reproduction.274Chapter 11Heredity.304Chapter 12Adaptations over Time.332Human Body Systems.362Chapter 13Circulation a
7、nd Immunity.364Chapter 14Digestion,Respiration,and Excretion.398Chapter 15Support,Movement,and Responses.432Chapter 16Regulation and Reproduction.466The Interdependence of Life.496Chapter 17Plants.498Chapter 18Interactions of Living Things.530Chapter 19Conserving Resources.558Matter and Energy.590Ch
8、apter 20Properties and Changes of Matter.592Chapter 21Substances,Mixtures,and Solubility.618Chapter 22States of Matter.650Chapter 23Newtons Laws of Motion.682Chapter 24Energy and Energy Resources.714ContentsIn BriefContents In BriefiiiCONTENTAlton J.Banks,PhDDirector of the Faculty Center for Teachi
9、ng and LearningNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh,NCJack CooperEnnis High SchoolEnnis,TXSandra K.Enger,PhDAssociate Director,Associate ProfessorUAH Institute for Science EducationHuntsville,ALDavid G.Haase,PhDNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh,NCMichael A.Hoggarth,PhDDepartment of Life and E
10、arth SciencesOtterbein CollegeWesterville,OHJerome A.Jackson,PhDWhitaker Eminent Scholar in ScienceProgram DirectorCenter for Science,Mathematics,and Technology EducationFlorida Gulf Coast UniversityFort Meyers,FLWilliam C.Keel,PhDDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Alabama Tuscaloosa,A
11、LLinda McGawScience Program Coordinator Advanced Placement Strategies,Inc.Dallas,TXMadelaine MeekPhysics Consultant EditorLebanon,OHRobert NiersteScience Department HeadHendrick Middle School,Plano ISDPlano,TXConnie Rizzo,MD,PhDDepartment of Science/MathMarymount Manhattan CollegeNew York,NYivAuthor
12、sSeries ConsultantsEducation DivisionWashington,D.C.Alton BiggsBiology TeacherAllen High SchoolAllen,TXLucy Daniel,PhDTeacher/ConsultantRutherford County SchoolsRutherfordton,NCRalph M.Feather Jr.,PhDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Educational Studies and Secondary EducationBloomsburg UniversityBlo
13、omsburg,PAEdward OrtlebScience ConsultantSt.Louis,MOPeter Rillero,PhDAssociate Professor of Science EducationArizona State University WestPhoenix,AZSusan Leach SnyderRetired Teacher/ConsultantJones Middle SchoolUpper Arlington,OHDinah ZikeEducational ConsultantDinah-Might Activities,Inc.San Antonio,
14、TXDominic Salinas,PhDMiddle School Science SupervisorCaddo Parish SchoolsShreveport,LACheryl WistromSt.Josephs CollegeRensselaer,INCarl Zorn,PhDStaff ScientistJefferson Laboratory Newport News,VAMATHMichael Hopper,DEng.Manager of Aircraft Certification L-3 CommunicationsGreenville,TXTeri Willard,EdD
15、Mathematics Curriculum WriterBelgrade,MTREADINGElizabeth BabichSpecial Education TeacherMashpee Public SchoolsMashpee,MABarry BartoSpecial Education TeacherJohn F.Kennedy ElementaryManistee,MICarol A.Senf,PhDSchool of Literature,Communication,and CultureGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta,GARache
16、l Swaters-KissingerScience Teacher John Boise Middle SchoolWarsaw,MOSAFETYAileen Duc,PhDScience 8 TeacherHendrick Middle School,Plano ISDPlano,TXSandra West,PhDDepartment of BiologyTexas State University-San MarcosSan Marcos,TXACTIVITY TESTERSNerma Coats HendersonPickerington Lakeview Jr.HighSchoolPickerington,OHMary Helen Mariscal-CholkaWilliam D.Slider Middle SchoolEl Paso,TXScience Kit and BorealLaboratoriesTonawanda,NYDeidre AdamsWest Vigo Middle SchoolWest Terre Haute,IN Sharla AdamsIPC Tea
