1、interactivestudenteditionJackson J.Spielvogel,Ph.D.AC_CA_SE_TP 868874-4 1/16/05 11:10 PM Page 1Jackson J.Spielvogelis associate professor emeritus of historyat the Pennsylvania State University.He received his Ph.D.fromThe Ohio State University,where he specialized in Reformationhistory under Harold
2、 J.Grimm.His articles and reviews havebeen published in several scholarly publications.He is coauthor(with William Duiker)of World History,published in 1994(3rdedition,2001).Professor Spielvogel has won five major univer-sity-wide awards,and in 1997,he became the first winner of theSchreyer Institut
3、es Student Choice Award for innovative andinspiring teaching.The National Geographic Society,founded in 1888 for theincrease and diffusion of geographic knowledge,is the worldslargest nonprofit scientific and educational organization.Since itsearliest days,the Society has used sophisticated communic
4、ationtechnologies,from color photography to holography,to conveygeographic knowledge to a worldwide membership.The Edu-cation Products Division supports the Societys mission by devel-oping innovative educational programsranging from traditionalprint materials to multimedia programs including CD-ROMs
5、,videodiscs,and software.About the Cover:Throughout ancient history and across the world,people havebuilt great monuments that still stand today.Top:The Great Pyramid of Khafrebuilt by the ancient Egyptians c.2520 B.C.stands 417 feet(144 m)tall.Left:Thislife-size terra-cotta statue of a Chinese arch
6、er was one of 7,000 figures created forthe Emperor Qin Shihuangdis tomb c.200 B.C.Right:The Roman Colosseumheld 60,000 spectators and was built in A.D.70 during the reign of the EmperorVespasian.Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Except aspermitted under the United S
7、tates Copyright Act,no part of this publication may bereproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database orretrieval system,without prior permission of the publisher.The name“National Geographic Society”and the“Yellow Border Rectangle”are trade-marks of the Society and the
8、ir use,without prior written permission,is strictly prohibited.Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus,OH 43240-4027ISBN:007-868874-4Printed in the United States of America.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 071/055 10 09 08 07 06ii-v FM-A&C-868874 8/30/05 2:48 PM Page iiiiiAcademic Consulta
9、ntsWinthrop Lindsay AdamsAssociate Professor of HistoryUniversity of UtahSalt Lake City,UtahSari J.BennettDirector,Center for Geographic EducationUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore,MarylandRichard G.BoehmJesse H.Jones Distinguished Chair in Geographic EducationTexas State UniversitySan
10、 Marcos,TexasStephen F.Dale,Ph.D.Department of HistoryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus,OhioSheilah Clarke-EkongAssociate Professor of Anthropology and Interim DeanEvening CollegeUniversity of Missouri,St.LouisSt.Louis,MissouriTimothy E.GregoryProfessor of HistoryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus,Oh
11、ioRobert E.HerzsteinDepartment of HistoryUniversity of South CarolinaColumbia,South CarolinaKenji OshiroProfessor of GeographyWright State UniversityDayton,OhioJoseph R.RosenbloomAdjunct Professor,Jewish and Near Eastern StudiesWashington UniversitySt.Louis,MissouriGuy Welbon,Ph.D.Department of Hist
12、oryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia,PennsylvaniaDinah ZikeEducational ConsultantDinah-Might Activities,Inc.San Antonio,TexasContributing AuthorsStephen F.Cunha,Ph.D.Professor of GeographyDirector,California Geographic AllianceHumboldt State UniversityArcata,CaliforniaDouglas Fisher,Ph.D.Profes
13、sorSan Diego State UniversitySan Diego,CaliforniaNancy Frey,Ph.D.Assistant ProfessorSan Diego State UniversitySan Diego,CaliforniaRobin C.Scarcella,Ph.D.Professor and DirectorAcademic English/ESLUniversity of California,IrvineIrvine,CaliforniaEmily M.Schell,Ed.D.Visiting Professor,San Diego State Un
14、iversitySocial Studies Education DirectorSDSU City Heights Educational CollaborativeSan Diego,CaliforniaDavid VigilanteAssociate DirectorNational Center for History in the SchoolsSan Diego,CaliforniaRuben Zepeda II,Ed.D.Adviser,Instructional Support ServicesLos Angeles Unified School DistrictLos Ang
15、eles,CaliforniaReading ConsultantsMaureen D.DannerProject CRISSNational Training ConsultantKalispell,MontanaReLeah Cossett LentFlorida Literacy and Reading Excellence Project CoordinatorUniversity of Central FloridaOrlando,FloridaSteve QunellSocial Studies InstructorMontana AcademyKalispell,MontanaC
16、arol M.Santa,Ph.D.CRISS:Project Developer Director of EducationMontana AcademyKalispell,MontanaBonnie ValdesMaster CRISS TrainerProject CRISSLargo,FloridaTeacher ReviewersJack EwingTaylor Middle SchoolMillbrae,CaliforniaLinda ChapelVista View Middle SchoolFountain Valley,CaliforniaSara GreenfieldLincoln Middle SchoolSanta Monica,CaliforniaReynaldo Mac asMark Twain Middle SchoolLos Angeles,CaliforniaMark RomoVista Verde Middle SchoolGreenfield,CaliforniaKelly VanAllen Pine Grove Elementary School
