1、地铁隧道盾构施工风险管理研究以某地铁四号线隧道工程为例摘 要近年来，随着城市化进程的不断推进以及国民经济的快速发展，城市交通需求量不断增加，现有城市交通基础设施已经无法满足人们的出行要求。为了进一步缩短人们出行的时间，提高人们的生活效率，我国各大城市都开始了大力兴建地铁的浪潮。但是，由于当前国内风险管理意识非常薄弱，地铁风险管理重视程度较低，因此，地铁项目建设以来发生的各类工程事故，造成了极大的经济损失和无法挽回的人员伤亡。盾构施工是当前城市地铁建设中应用最广泛的一种施工方法，具有保障性高，投资成本低等特点，而且对周围环境影响较小。但是，地铁盾构施工还没有形成完善的风险管理体系，实际施工过程中
2、，人们更多采用事后控制，等到状况发生之后才反应过来，再去采取措施时为时已晚。论文通过对地铁盾构风险管理的相关理论，风险识别的具体方法进行了研究，以某地铁4号线二期工程为背景，在对项目现场进行详细调查分析的基础上，从工程特点和范围、设计关键、水文地质条件以及施工组织方案等方面进行了非常全面的分析，由于4号线隧道盾构施工非常复杂，因此，其中涉及到大量的风险评价指标因素。论文通过定性和定量相结合的方法进行风险评估，研究内容主要包括以下几点：第一，绪论研究。阐明本研究的背景与意义，证明本研究具有理论和实践的双重价值；第二，研究现状分析。分国内和国外，对当前地质隧道盾结构风险管理现状进行综述，并进行评价
3、分析；第三，概念与理论研究。对地质隧道盾结构风险管理的相关概念、理论进行归纳整理，为后续的研究奠定理论基础；第四，问题与对策研究。以某实际的隧道工程为例，分析其在地铁盾结构施工风险管理工作中存在的问题，并根据他们的一个实际隧道工程项目，提出施工风险改进与优化措施，并建立保障机制；第五，实施效果观察。对地铁隧道盾结构实施风险管理改进与优化措施所取得的成效进行观察，证明研究成果具有科学性、合理性与操作性，具有推广应用的可行性与实际价值；第六，结论与展望。对本文的研究进行最后总结，并展望未来的研究发展方向。关键词：地铁隧道施工；盾构施工；风险管理；施工风险IABSTRACTIn recent yea
4、rs, with the rapid development of city modernization and the continuous progress of the national economy, city traffic demand is increasing, the traffic infrastructure of the city has been unable to meet peoples travel requirements. In order to further reduce peoples travel time, improve the efficie
5、ncy of peoples lives, each big city of our country began vigorously to build subway wave. However, due to the current domestic risk management awareness is very weak, the risk management attention degree is low, therefore, all kinds of engineering accidents since the subway project construction, whi
6、ch caused great economic losses and irreparable casualties.A construction method of the city subway construction is the most widely used shield construction, with high security, low cost characteristics, but also has little effect on the surrounding environment. However, the subway shield constructi
7、on has not formed the perfect risk management system, the actual construction process, people adopt more after control, until the situation occurred after the reaction to come over, to take measures when it was too late.The theory of risk management of metro shield, the specific methods of risk iden
8、tification were studied in Wuhan Metro Line 4 of the second phase of the project as the background, based on detailed investigation and Analysis on the site of the project, from the project scope, characteristics and key design, hydrological and geological conditions and construction scheme of Sthe
9、analysis is very comprehensive, as the 4 line of shield tunnel construction is very complex, therefore, which involves a lot of factors of risk assessment index.Methods the paper combines the qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, the main research contents include the following: first, the i
10、ntroduction of. To clarify the background and significance of this study, this research has proved that the double value of theory and practice; second, the research status analysis. Domestic and abroad, on the current status of geological tunnel shield structure risk management are summarized, and
11、analysis and evaluation; third, the concept and theoretical research. The related concepts, geological tunnel shield structure and the theory of risk management are summarized, which lays the theoretical foundation for the follow-up research; fourth, study on the problems and countermeasures. An act
12、ual tunnel project as an example, analyzes its existence in the subway shield construction risk management problem in the work, and according to an actual tunnel engineering of their projects, put forward the construction risk improvement and optimization measures, and establish a security mechanism
13、; fifth, implementation effect. The implementation of risk management measures to optimize the effect observation of subway tunnel shield structure, the research results have proved scientific, rationality and operability, feasibility and practical value of popularization and application; sixth, con
14、clusion and prospect. The dissertation finally summarizes the research and development direction and future.KEYWORDS：Construction of metro tunnel; Shield construction; Risk management; Construction risk目录摘 要IABSTRACTII1引言11.1 研究背景11.1.1 选题背景理论背景11.1.2 选题的目的和意义21.2 研究内容31.3 拟解决的问题31.4 创新之点32 地铁隧道盾构施工
15、风险管理内容概述42.1 风险概念42.2 风险的三要素52.3 风险构成要素之间的关系52.4在地铁盾构施工中风险的类别和特征62.4.1 风险分类62.4.2 地铁盾构施工特点72.5 地铁盾构施工风险管理过程82.5.1 管理目标82.5.2 管理范围92.5.3 风险识别92.5.4 风险估计102.5.5 风险评价112.5.6 风险对策112.5.7 风险监控133 地铁隧道盾构施工风险管理143.1 盾构隧道施工特征论述143.1.1盾构法概念143.1.2盾构法的施工注意事项153.1.3施工优势163.1.4施工隐患163.2 盾构隧道施工存在的风险163.2.1地质条件风险163.2.2城市已建市政工程带来的风险173.2.3人为风险173.3 盾构隧道施工风险规避策略解析173.3.1地质情况预测精准性风险173.3.2盾构机械可靠性风险173.3.3开挖面稳定性能不足风险问题183.4 某地铁隧道盾构法施工风险问题概述194 解析地铁盾构法施工管理风险评价214.1 地铁盾构法的施工风险评价214.1.1 施工风险概念214.1.2 风险工程等级214.1.3 风险预警分类224.1.4地铁项目风险评价224.2 模糊综合评价法在施工风险评估中的应用234.2.1 模糊物元的的概念235
