1、 收稿日期:2022-06-02 基金项目:青海省科技厅项目(2022NK169)和青海省昆仑英才高端创新创业人才领军人才项目(2020 年)共同资助。作者简介:周 力,博士研究生。E-mail:*通信作者:桂林生,博士,副教授。E-mail: 罗增海,教授。E-mail: 安徽农业大学学报,2023,50(3):450-456 Journal of Anhui Agricultural University DOI 10.13610/ki.1672-352x.20230625.021 网络出版时间:2023-06-26 16:19:58 URL https:/ 冷季补饲对泌乳期藏羊母羊乳汁成
2、分与代谢产物的影响 周 力1,3,侯生珍1,桂林生1*,罗增海2*(1.青海大学农牧学院,西宁 810016;2.青海省畜牧总站,西宁 810001;3 宁夏大学动物科技学院,银川 750021)摘 要:为了使用乳品快速分析仪和液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术对放牧与补饲条件下藏羊母羊乳成分和代谢产物进行差异分析,选取胎次一致、体重相近(43.85 kg7.06 kg)且发育良好的 3 岁龄藏羊母羊 440 只,随机分成两组,即自然放牧(control group,CG),放牧+补饲 0.25 kg d-1精料补充料(test group,TG)。试验期为 60 d(配种后 150210
3、d)。试验结束时,从两组中各收集 5 只母羊的乳汁分析营养成分,同时检测其代谢产物。结果显示:(1)与 CG 组相比,TG 组藏羊母羊的产奶量、脂肪、蛋白质、灰分及非脂固形物含量均有所提高,其中产奶量与脂肪含量差异显著(P0.05)。(2)两组共获得已注释显著性差异代谢物 39 种,其中 24 种上调,15 种下调;结合 KEGG通路分析,发现脂肪细胞脂解调节(regulation of lipolysis in adipocyte),含血清素神经突触(serotonergic synapse),醛固酮合成与分泌(aldosterone synthesis and secretion),FcR
4、I 信号通路(Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway),不饱和脂肪酸生物合成(biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid),苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成(phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis)是最为显著性关键代谢通路,并筛选出花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid),二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid)和 D-果糖-1-磷酸(D-fructose-1-phosphate)作为差异显著相关代谢物。综上,通过冷季补饲提高了泌乳期藏羊母羊乳汁品质,
5、并能改善其代谢产物,这为今后绵羊母乳的研究与开发提供一定理论依据与技术支持。关键词:藏羊;精料补饲;代谢组;乳品质;泌乳期;脂肪酸 中图分类号:S826.83 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-352X(2023)03-0450-07 Effects of supplementary feeding in cold season on milk composition and metabolites of Tibetan sheep ewes during lactation ZHOU Li1,3,HOU Shengzhen1,GUI Linsheng1,LUO Zenghai2(1.Col
6、lege of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016;2.Qinghai General Station of Animal Hus-bandry,Xining 810001;3.School of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021)Abstract:Rapid milk analyzer and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used
7、to analyze the difference of milk components and metabolites between grazing and supplementary feeding conditions in Ti-betan sheep ewes.440 healthy Tibetan sheep ewes of 3 years old,similar parity and weight(43.85 kg 7.06 kg)were randomly divided into two groups,including natural grazing group(cont
8、rol group,CG)and graz-ing+supplementary feeding 0.25 kg d-1 concentrate group(test group,TG).The experimental period was 60 days(150-210 days after breeding).At the end of the experiment,the milk of 5 ewes in each group was collected to analyze their nutritional components and detect their metabolit
9、es.The results showed that:(1)Compared with con-trol group,the milk yield,fat,protein,ash and non fat solids of Tibetan sheep ewes in test group were increased,and the milk yield and fat content was significantly different(P0.05).(2)There were 39 significantly different metabolites annotated in the
10、milk of Tibetan sheep ewes in the two groups,of which the relative contents of 24 metabolites were significantly increased and the relative contents of 15 metabolites were significantly decreased.Combined with KEGG functional annotation analysis,it was found that regulation of lipolysis in adipocyte
11、,sero-tonergic synapse,aldosterone synthesis and secretion,FCFc epsilon RI signaling pathway,biosynthesis of un-saturated fatty acids,biosynthesis of phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan were the most significant key meta-bolic pathways.Finally,arachidonic acid was screened Eicosapentaenoic acid an
12、d D-fructose-1-phosphate was 50 卷 3 期 周 力等:冷季补饲对泌乳期藏羊母羊乳汁成分与代谢产物的影响 451 significantly related to the differential metabolites.In conclusion,the quality and metabolites of milk of lactation Tibetan sheep ewes were improved by supplementary feeding during cold season,which provides a theoretical basis
13、 and technical support for the research and development of milk of sheep in the future.Key words:Tibetan sheep;concentrate supplementary feeding;metabolome;milk quality;lactation period;fatty acid 近年来,乳汁的营养价值逐渐走进人们的视野,已成为食品领域研究的热点1。羊乳含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、维生素以及矿物质等,已被公认其营养组成是最为接近母乳的乳产品2。据有关报道,羊乳中酪蛋白含量较少,易被机体消
14、化吸收,所以更适合被婴幼儿、老年及消化不良的人群饮用3。同时乳中不仅能够提供幼畜生长发育和人们日常所需的养分,同时还能含有大量的生物活性成分。除此之外,在羊乳中还发现其他抗氧化成分,例如维生素 C、维生素 E 以及超氧化物歧化酶等物质,能够清除机体内的自由基,延缓其衰老4-5。随着人们对羊乳营养价值的不断重视,羊乳及其相关产品的种类也越来越多,由此可见,未来羊乳将具有十分广阔的市场前景。目前我国绵羊的饲养量、出栏量、肉产量、皮产量以及绒产量均居于世界前列6。而藏羊(Ovis aries)作为青藏高原特有的绵羊品种资源,对低温、少氧以及强紫外辐射等恶劣环境具有较强的适应性,在羊产业中占有十分重要
15、的地位7。但由于其所处环境无明显的四季分界,只有冷季(10 月翌年5 月)和暖季(5 月10 月)之分8,加之冷季牧草的产量低且营养素含量也极度匮乏。因此,在寒冷季节对高原土著动物及时补饲不仅能够满足机体的营养需要,同时还有利于幼畜的快速生长。例如在冷季对牦牛进行“少量补饲”能够在一定程度上缓解其体重掉膘9。其他试验也进一步证实,冷季给予怀孕牦牛补饲精料可以提高犊牦牛的初生重10。代谢组学是继基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学等之后,又一兴起的组学技术,能够从整体和多角度阐明机体的内源性代谢变化11。因其具有高分辨率、高灵敏度、高通量等优点而得到广泛应用,研究对象主要为相对分子质量1 000 的小
16、分子代谢物12。代谢物作为机体生化反应的终点,直接体现生物功能的最终效应,能够表明机体异常的生理状态13。其技术主要包括核磁共振技术(NMR)、气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)和液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS)等14。其中 LC-MS 因分离能力高、灵敏度强以及选择性好等优点已成为一种不可或缺的检测方式15。因此,本研究以高海拔地区藏母羊为试验对象,探讨放牧与补饲条件下乳汁营养物质的差异,并筛选其差异代谢物,为绵羊母乳的加工和生产提供基本理论数据。1 材料与方法 1.1 试验设计 试验选用胎次一致、体重相近(43.85 kg 7.06 kg)及发育健康的 3 岁龄藏母羊 440 只,每组 220只,即对照组(control group,CG)和试验组(test group,TG)。对照组在青海天然牧场进行放牧,试验组在自然放牧基础上每天19:30归牧后每只母羊补饲精料补充料 0.25 kg。试验于青海省海南州同德县河北乡夏知迈村进行,整个试验期为 60 d(配种后 150210 d),基础饲粮设计参考按照 肉羊饲养标准(NY/T 8162004)16进行,其组成及营养水平见表