1、成人眼眶黄色肉芽肿病(AOXGD)是一组罕见的病因和发病机制不明的非朗格汉斯组织细胞增生病。常发生于眼睑皮肤及皮下组织、眶内等组织,可累及泪腺,部分亚型伴有骨、心脏、肺和淋巴组织等全身组织或器官的病变 1。该病缺乏特征性的临床表现,多以眼睑肿胀就诊 2-3,既往报道多以临床经验诊疗报道为主 4-6,影像学诊断方面的文献以个案报道居多 5,7,且多为形态学的描述,没有系统的归纳总结影像特征,且未见对其功能成像的报道,如动态增强曲线、弥散加权成像(DWI)、平均表观扩散系数(ADC)等。本文分析经手术证实的11例AOXGD的影像学资料,总结其磁共振图Value of magnetic resona
2、nce imaging in patients with adult orbital xanthogranulomatousdiseaseGUO Jiuhong,WANG Xiaoyan,TAO XiaofengDepartment of Radiology,Shanghai Ninth Peoples Hospital,Medicine School of Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200011,China摘要:目的 分析成人眼眶黄色肉芽肿病的磁共振表现,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析11例患者的MR图像,分析MR图像病变部位、双侧/单侧、
3、形态、边缘、眶内结构、T1WI、T2WI信号特点、DWI特点、ADC及强化方式。结果 11例眼眶黄色肉芽肿经手术病理证实,分别是成人起病的黄色肉芽肿(n=6)、渐进性坏死性黄色肉芽肿(n=4)和Erdheim-Chester病(n=1)。成人起病的黄色肉芽肿6例,3例累及单侧眼睑,1例累及右侧鼻泪管,1例累及双侧眼睑和泪腺,1例累及右侧眼睑、翼腭窝和左侧颞肌;渐进性坏死性黄色肉芽肿4例,2例累及左侧眼睑,2例累及双侧眼睑、鼻部、额颞部;Erdheim-chester病1例,双侧眶内多发病变并累及垂体、心包、肾脏。4例边界清晰,7例范围弥漫,边界不清。10例T1WI低、T2WI及压脂高信号,1例
4、T1WI低、T2WI及压脂低信号。弥散加权成像低信号(n=7);平均表观扩散系数值为1.1810-3mm2/s(n=7)。6例行动态增强检查,时间-信号曲线(TIC)均表现为持续上升型(I型)。结论 眼眶黄色肉芽肿病多有眼睑肿胀,无破溃,累及眼睑及皮下组织、眶前部、眶后部和泪腺,可累及眼外肌肌腱,未见累及视神经,累及眶内病变未见骨壁破坏。MRI可以通过显示化学位移伪影来辅助此病的诊断。关键词:磁共振成像;黄色肉芽肿病;眼眶;弥散加权成像;动态增强磁共振图像Abstract:Objective To analyze the MRI features of adult orbital xantho
5、granuloma and improve recognition of the disease.Methods The MRI images of 11 patients were retrospectively analyzed.We analyzed the location,unilateral or bilateralinvolvement,shape,margins,orbital structures,T1WI and T2WI signal characteristics,diffusion-weighted imagingcharacteristics,apparent di
6、ffusion coefficient and enhancement patterns.Results Eleven cases of orbital xanthogranulomawere confirmed by surgical pathology,including 6 cases of adult-onset xanthogranuloma,4 cases of necrobioticxanthogranuloma,and 1 case of Erdheim-Chester disease.Of the 6 cases of adult-onset xanthogranuloma,
7、3 involved unilateraleyelids,1 involved the right nasolacrimal duct,1 involved bilateral eyelids and lacrimal glands and 1 involved right eyelid,pterygopalatine fossa and left temporal muscle.Of the 4 cases of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma,2 involved the left eyelid,and 2involved bilateral eyelids,nas
8、al and temporal regions.The case of Erdheim-Chester disease involved multiple bilateral orbitallesions and also affected the pituitary gland,pericardium,and kidneys.The lesions of 4 cases had clear boundaries,whilethose of 7 cases had diffuse boundaries.Ten cases showed low signal intensity on T1WI,
9、high signal intensity on T2WI and fat-suppressed imaging,and 1 case showed low signal intensity on T1WI,T2WI and fat-suppressed imaging.Diffusion-weightedimaging showed low signal intensity(n=7).The value of apparent diffusion coefficient was 1.1810-3mm2/s(n=7).Dynamiccontrast-enhanced MRI showed co
10、ntinuous rising patterns(type I)in all 6 cases.Conclusion Orbital xanthogranulomatypically presents as eyelid swelling without ulceration,involving eyelids and subcutaneous tissue,the anterior and posteriororbit,and lacrimal glands,and may involve extraocular muscle tendons but not optic nerves.No b
11、one destruction wasobserved in the involved orbit.MRI can assist in the diagnosis of this disease by displaying chemical shift artifacts.Keywords:magnetic resonance imaging;xanthogranulomatous disease;orbit;diffusion-weighted imaging;dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI磁共振成像在成人眼眶黄色肉芽肿病的诊断价值磁共振成像在成人眼眶黄色肉芽肿病
12、的诊断价值郭久红,王晓琰,陶晓峰上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院放射科,上海 200011收稿日期:2023-03-22基金项目:国家自然科学基金(91859202,82172049)Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(91859202,82172049)作者简介:郭久红,硕士,住院医师,E-mail:通信作者:王晓琰,主治医师,E-mail:分子影像学杂志,2023,46(4):609-613doi 10.12122/j.issn.1674-4500.2023.04.06 609像特征,旨在帮助影像科医生提高对
13、本病的认识,为临床诊断和治疗提供重要参考依据,从而减少误诊或不必要的手术治疗。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料回顾性分析2015年10月2022年10月入院且经手术切除或活检证实的眼眶黄色肉芽肿病患者11例,其中男性4例,女性7例,年龄4166岁,平均52.09岁。病史2月7年,主要临床表现为9例(81.8%)眼睑肿胀渐进增大至触及肿块,1例(9.1%)眼球突出,1例(9.1)累及鼻泪管,出现流泪,无红痛、视力下降等。纳入标准:患者均经病理证实。排除标准:图像质量较差,以及曾有过外院手术或者放化疗病史。临床上将AOXGD分为4个亚型:成人起病的黄色肉芽肿(AOX)、渐进性坏死性黄色肉芽肿(NXG
14、)、Erdheim-Chester病(ECD)和成人起病的眶周黄色肉芽肿合并哮喘(AAPOX)8。本研究已通过医院伦理学审批和患者知情同意。1.2 检查方法所有患者知情同意后,行磁共振成像检查,采用西门子Magnetom Verio 3.0T磁共振扫描仪。患者仰卧位,采用头部12通道相控阵线圈。眼眶扫描序列包括常规平扫、增强及DWI序列,6例行动态增强。主要序列和参数如下:横断位T1WI采用快速自旋回波序列,TR 620 ms,TE 9.2 ms,层厚3 mm,FOV 100 mm100mm;横断位T2WI压脂序列,TR 4000 ms,TE 75 ms;动态增强扫描采用容积式内插值法屏气检查
15、序列,TR 20ms,TE 3.7 ms,层厚1.5 mm,扫描时间为4 min,共采集8个时相;增强后横断位、冠状位、斜矢状位T1WI扫描,TR 433 ms,TE 9.2 ms。采用高压注射器经上臂静脉注射,注射速率2.5 mL/s,剂量14 mL。DWI采用b值1000 s/mm2。1.3 图像分析和数据处理所有图像传到西门子工作站进行图像后处理,选择显示病变最佳层面,将感兴趣区置于病变强化最明显区域,生成时间信号强度曲线(TIC)。TIC分型:I型为持续上升型,信号逐渐增强;II型为上升平台型,信号强化先增加到峰值后不变;III型为上升流出型,信号强度上升到峰值后下降超过10%。由2位
16、工作8年以上且长期从事头颈部疾病诊断有经验的影像学医师分别完成MR图像评估分析,评估包括:单侧还是双侧病变、病变部位、信号、形态、边界、泪腺眼外肌等眼眶附属结构等。以正常大脑灰质信号强度为标准,判断眼眶病变T1WI、T2WI及压脂、DWI信号特点,信号强度低于脑灰质信号定义为低信号,反之则为高信号。2 结果经病理证实的11例AOXGD患者共有3种分型,分别是AOX(n=6)、NXG(n=4)和ECD(n=1)。AOX 6例中,3例累及单侧眼睑,1例累及右侧鼻泪管,1例累及双侧眼睑和泪腺,1例累及右侧眼睑、翼腭窝和左侧颞肌(图1)。NXG 4例中,2例累及左侧眼睑,2例累及双侧眼睑、鼻部、额颞部。ECD 1例双侧眶内外多发病变伴多系统累及,累及垂体、心包、肾脏等(图2)。所有病变MRI表现为:10例T1WI低、T2WI及压脂高信号,1例T1WI低、T2WI及压脂低信号;4例边界清晰,7例边界不清;7例行DWI检查,均为低信号,ADC范围(1.011.50)10-3mm2/s,平均为1.1810-3mm2/s;6例行动态增强检查,TIC表现为持续上升型(I型)。临床资料和MRI表现(表1)