1、 Marjory Stoneman DouglasBY JANE KELLEYBY JANE KELLEYGUARDIAN OF THE EVERGLADESPAIREDREADThe Story of the Tree MusketeersBiographyProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:70CV_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 2CV_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 213/03/12 1:25 PM13/03/12 1:25
2、PMSTRATEGIES&SKILLSAPhotography Credit:(bkgd)Digital Vision/Punchstock,(tr)Morton Beebe/CORBIS*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.Word Count:2,571*ComprehensionStrategy:Ask a
3、nd Answer QuestionsSkill:Problem and SolutionVocabulary StrategySynonyms and AntonymsVocabularyexport,glistening,influence,landscape,native,plantations,restore,urgedContent StandardsScienceLife ScienceProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:70Copyright The McGraw-Hill Compani
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6、12 1:09 PM13/03/12 1:09 PMMarjory Stoneman DouglasGUARDIAN OF THE EVERGLADESBY JANE KELLEYPAIREDREAD Introduction .2Chapter 1Early Life.3Chapter 2A River of Grass.7Chapter 3Fighting On .10Conclusion.14Respond to Reading .15The Story of the Tree Musketeers .16Glossary/Index .19 Focus on Science.20Ess
7、ential QuestionWhat impact do our actions have on our world?Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:70Digital Vision/Punchstock001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 1001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 115/03/12 9:10 AM15/03/12 9:10 AMIntroductionThis area of grasslan
8、d in the Everglades National Park is classified as a freshwater prairie.What do you see when you look at this photograph of the Everglades?Do you see lots of grass and nothing else?The early explorers named this area of southern Florida the Everglades because the glades,or grassy places,seemed to go
9、 on forever.The water does as well,flowing all across the region.The ground is too saturated to use for planting or building.Many people looked at this landscape and saw only a useless swamp teeming with bugs and snakes.Writer and environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas had a different perspective
10、 altogether.She appreciated the rich variety of life in the Everglades and how the place was entirely different from anywhere else.She wrote about the Everglades:“They are unique in the simplicity,the diversity,the related harmony of the forms of life they enclose.”She also described the beauty of t
11、he Everglades:“The miracle of the light pours over the green and brown expanse of saw grass and of water,shining and slow-moving below,the grass and water that is the meaning and the central fact of the Everglades of Florida.”Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:702MedioIm
12、ages/PunchStock 001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 2001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 215/03/12 9:10 AM15/03/12 9:10 AMCHAPTER ONEMarjory Stoneman Douglas s writings about the Everglades would influence many people s attitudes.How did Douglas end up writing about the Everglades?She neve
13、r spent a lot of time outdoors.In fact,she wasn t even from Florida,although she had happy memories of a trip she d taken to Tampa as a child.The warm Florida sunshine must have seemed idyllic to a girl from the chillier north.Marjory was born in Minneapolis on April 7,1890.Most of her childhood was
14、 spent with her mother s family in Massachusetts.She spent a large portion of her free time in libraries,where she loved discovering things in books.She read everything she could get her hands on,and if there was nothing else available,she read encyclopedias.She didn t know it then,but she was acqui
15、ring the research skills that would be useful to her when she became a writer.This photograph was taken when Marjory was one and a half years old.CHAEarly Life3Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:70(cr)Special Collections,University of Miami Libraries,(b)Wetzel and Compan
16、y/Janice McDonald,(t)Digital Vision/Punchstock 001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 3001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 315/03/12 9:10 AM15/03/12 9:10 AMIn 1908,Marjory started at Wellesley College.Her grandmother and aunt had saved money to send her to college.Marjory was very happy to be
17、 with other young women who were just as interested in books as she was.In her senior year,she was editor of the college yearbook.She was chosen to be the class orator because she was so good at giving speeches.Wellesley College is in Wellesley,Massachusetts,just outside of Boston.Her mother died in
18、 1912,the same year that Marjory graduated.She didn t know what to do next.At that time,women were not encouraged to have careers.Marjory didn t think she could succeed as a writer,so she took a job in a department store in Newark,New Jersey.She taught basic skills in grammar and math to sales clerk
19、s.Marjory was married to Kenneth Douglas for less than two years.When her marriage ended in 1915,she moved to Miami,Florida,where her father lived,and her life changed in a dramatic way.4Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:70(t)Boston Globe/Getty Images,(b)Wetzel and Comp
20、any/Janice McDonald001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 4001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 415/03/12 9:10 AM15/03/12 9:10 AMMiami had only existed as a city since 1896,so it was still young.Douglas s father,Frank Stoneman,founded a newspaper in 1906 that became The Miami Herald.He hired h
21、is daughter to write the paper s society column and articles about events in the city.Douglas was thrilled to be writing.She said she had discovered what she was meant to do.Her father also shared with Douglas his passion for preserving Miami s older neighborhoods and the area to the city s west cal
22、led the Everglades.Douglas loved her job on the Herald.However,when World War I started,she joined the Red Cross as the organization needed more staff and volunteers to relieve the suffering caused by the war.Many women joined as a way to contribute to the war effort.From Europe Douglas wrote about
23、the work the Red Cross was doing there and urged people to keep supporting its efforts.She also saw sights she would never forget,including the plight of refugees who had to leave their homes after the war.As a result,she was always sympathetic to people in trouble.e Douglass father,Frank Stoneman,h
24、elped her discover her love of writing.5Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:70(tr)Special Collections,University of Miami Libraries,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 5001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 515/03/12 9:11 AM15/
25、03/12 9:11 AM(bc)Galen Rowell/CORBIS,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald Draining the wetlands affected the animals and plants living there.World War I ended in 1918.When Douglas came back to Miami in 1920,she found big changes.Miami s population had quadrupled,and more land was needed.Much of the
26、 land near Miami was part of the Everglades,and most developers didn t realize it was already inhabited.They didn t think about the native animals,such as alligators and egrets,and plants,such as mangroves and sawgrass,that were living there.The developers dug canals to drain the wetlands.Douglas be
27、came the assistant editor of the Herald.She no longer wrote society news.Instead,her weekly column,called The Galley,dealt with major issues of the day.Her experiences during the war made her aware of the importance of decent living conditions.She wrote about women s rights because at that time,wome
28、n were pushing for the right to vote.She also urged that the Everglades be made a national park so that the area would be protected.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:706()ChS if/CORBIS(b)WldC/JiM Dld001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 6001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_
29、119102.indd 615/03/12 9:11 AM15/03/12 9:11 AMA River of Grass CHAPTER TWODouglas worked hard editing the newspaper and writing her column.She also started campaigns to help people,such as one to provide milk for Miami s poor families.Working for these causes,along with the stress of having to meet n
30、ewspaper deadlines,exhausted Douglas.In 1924,she quit the newspaper and concentrated on writing short stories,which she sold to magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post,one of America s most popular magazines.However,she never forgot the social issues that were important to her.For instance,her s
31、tory“Plumes”told how the fashion for feathers on ladies hats led to people killing birds that lived in the Everglades,such as the egret.Although some of her stories won prizes,and she twice won the O.Henry Memorial Award for the best short fiction,Douglas wasn t always able to sell her work and some
32、times found it hard to earn a living.Then in 1941,her friend Hervey Allen asked her if she would be interested in writing a book about the Miami River.This striking bird is a great egret,photographed in its native habitat in the Everglades.7Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaL
33、evel:70(cr)Chase Swift/CORBIS,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 7001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 715/03/12 9:11 AM15/03/12 9:11 AMThis Seminole man rowed a dugout canoe through the Everglades in 1921.Hervey Allen was editing a series of books abou
34、t great rivers.Douglas didn t think the Miami River was important enough to be part of the series.She suggested writing about the Everglades instead,and Allen agreed to publish the book when it was completed.Douglas got right to work.Her skills as a reporter were invaluable when she interviewed peop
35、le to learn more about the region.She intended the book to cover a range of topics,from the history of the Seminole,the Native Americans who lived on the edges of the Everglades,to the geology of the area and how it makes the place unique.When she was speaking with a hydrologist as part of her resea
36、rch,she came up with the phrase that would change the way so many people thought about the Everglades.She said that she had come to regard the Everglades not as a stagnant swamp,but as a glistening“river of grass.”In her book,Douglas described the Everglades as being unlike any other region in the w
37、orld:There are no other Everglades in the world.They are one of the unique regions of the earth,remote,never wholly known.Nothing anywhere else is like them;their vast glittering openness,wider than the enormous visible round of the horizon,the racing free saltness and sweetness of their massive win
38、ds,under the dazzling blue heights of space.8Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:70(tr)CORBIS,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald 001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 8001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 815/03/12 9:11 AM15/03/12 9:11 AMWhat is it that makes th
39、e Everglades unique?Look at the large lake in the center of the map on this page.Water overflows from the lake s basin and then travels south across a bed of limestone.Sawgrass grows on top of the limestone.This kind of water flow doesn t occur anywhere else in the world.Douglas was quite right:The
40、Everglades truly are a river of grass,dotted with islands of slightly higher ground that are covered with shrubs and trees.THE ECOSYSTEM The Everglades have many habitats,such as marshes,woods,and mangroves.Each habitat is home to a different group of living things that interact with one another and
41、 their environment to form the Everglades ecosystem.Each habitat must supply the right conditions for these living things to survive.If the temperature isnt right,or there isnt enough food or water,then the ecosystem could collapse.WATER FLOW TH H HROUGH T THE EVERGLADE ESLake Okeechobee0 050100MILE
42、SKissimmee RiverF F F F F F F F FOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOA A A A A A A A A AOOOOOOOOOOOOO R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R I I I I I I I I I I I I I IF L O R I D AO R I D AR R IONSWEEvergladesWater flow KEYMiami9Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:70(bc)Mountain
43、 High Maps/Digital Wisdom,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 9001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 915/03/12 9:11 AM15/03/12 9:11 AMFighting OnCHAPTER THREEThe Everglades:River of Grass was published in November 1947,when Douglas was 57 years old.The fi
44、rst printing of 7,500 copies sold out in one month.Douglas was recognized as a significant writer who had given an important environmental issue a wider public audience.Readers appreciated the beauty of Douglas s descriptions and her explanations of how local people were connected to this special pl
45、ace.The“river of grass”wasn t just nourishing the plants and animals,it was also providing the people with water.If the Everglades were drained,then water wouldn t flow into the aquifers underneath the sawgrass.Southern Florida would become a semitropical desert.One month after the book was publishe
46、d,Douglas attended a ceremony on the edge of the Everglades.President Truman set aside about 1.5 million acres(or one-third)of the Everglades as a national park.Unlike the Grand Canyon and Yellowstone,the Everglades didn t have spectacular features.However,they did have defenders such as Marjory Sto
47、neman Douglas who helped to show people why they needed to protect this unique place.This is the cover of the original book.Later editions have a different cover.ferent cover.10Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:70(br)CHUCK FADELY KRT/Newscom,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice
48、 McDonald010-015_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 10010-015_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L70_B_119102.indd 1014/03/12 11:50 AM14/03/12 11:50 AMAlthough Douglas was in awe of the Everglades,she didn t find the area a welcoming place.As she said,“To be a friend of the Everglades isn t necessarily to spend time wand
49、ering around there.it s too buggy,too wet,too generally inhospitable.”Despite the success of her book and the existence of the national park,Douglas didn t stop working.She wrote other nonfiction stories and books about Florida,including two for younger readers,titled Freedom River and Alligator Cro
50、ssing.She was often asked to speak about her most famous book.While some of the Everglades area was protected,the rest was still being threatened.The owners of sugar plantations wanted to control the water so they could grow more sugarcane.The Army Corps of Engineers dug canals to drain the water aw
