1、阅读理解保分练(六)词句猜测题代词、句意猜测类A2022贵阳市高三测试Many people think that you need to travel great distances and go on expensive trips to create beautiful photos. If you consider macro photography, which is capturing tiny details, an entirely new world may open for you right in your own backyard. This is what I dec
2、ided to do to challenge myself recently! I chose a relatively small area in my neighborhood to revisit over a couple of days, but the only rule I gave myself was not to photograph anything above the knees.Using a 50 mm macro lens (微距镜头) on a traditional DSLR camera, I walk around looking for differe
3、nt opportunities. I also often use two extension tubes，which help me get ever closer to my subject matter and increase the magnification (放大率). In the evening light, the high contrast helps you see small things like jumping grasshoppers or other insects flying around，but during the day it can be mor
4、e challenging. To find good subject matter，I like to crawl around and look at the world from a lizard or snakes point of view. It adds significantly more drama, improves the image. It also has the power to transform a beautiful subject into a beautiful piece of art.I really also pay attention to the
5、 background elements, not just the subject matter, especially with wildflowers. How in focus the background is，or how out of focus it is, can change an image.I like to shoot with a fully blurred (模糊不清的) background, which is called bokeh, though sometimes increasing depth of field and not having tota
6、l blurriness can be beneficial to the composition, too.You also dont need a special camera set up to do this. Using a smartphone，you can easily use tools like portrait mode, to help blur the background. Some apps also allow for a greater level of control with depth of field and closeup photography.
7、Its less about the camera you use, and more about how you use it!1What makes a splendid composition?ATaking an expensive trip.BCapturing the details of life.CShooting anything above the knees.DLooking at a beautiful subject.2What is the second paragraph mainly about?AA traditional DSLR camera.BThe w
8、ays of macro shooting.CShooting down at subjects.DInsects flying around.3What does “this” refer to in the last paragraph?ABackground. BPortrait.CBokeh. DCamera.4What would be the best title for this passage?AMy NeighborhoodBThe BackyardCCrouching down YourselfDMacro PhotographyB2022济南市高三质检When peopl
9、e hear “Artificial Intelligence (AI)”， many think of big data. The reason is that some of the most significant AI breakthroughs have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in small data approaches in the past decade has grown extensively, with Transfer L
10、earning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more dataintensive methods. By the use of AI with fewer data, the
11、y can facilitate progress in areas where few or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely. More importantly, TL is of great help in terms of generalization. A challenge in the use of AI is that models need to generalize beyond their training datathat is, to
12、 give good “answers” to a more general set of “questions” than what they were specifically trained for. TL models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data are available.AI experts such as
13、Andrew Ng have stated that the approach will be the next driver of getting machine learning success in industry. There are some early signs of successful adoption and it has been applied to cancer discovery and much more.Despite the increase in research, TL_has_received_relatively_little_visibility.
14、 While many machine learning experts and data scientists are familiar with it, techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption.By acknowledging the succe
15、ss of small data techniques like TL and supporting their widespread use, we can help overcome some widespread misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and promote innovation in new directions.5What does the author think of TL?AIt is a potential technique.BIt is of help in large data sets.CIt
16、is an important AI breakthrough.DIt is a reliable solution to multitasking.6In which aspect does TL show its advantages?AAcquiring knowledge.BDiscovering questions.CCollecting training data.DImproving generalization.7What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean?ATL has little value.BTL
17、 is a heated topic.CTL draws public attention.DTL is not well recognized.8Whats the purpose of this text?ATo clarify some misconceptions.BTo introduce a small data approach.CTo predict the promising future of AI.DTo emphasize the significance of data.C2022长春市高三质检Take a good look at the American bury
18、ing beetle. Once found in 35 states, the insect is assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as the critically endangered. Like the tiger, the American burying beetle has orange and black stripes (条); like the tiger, the beetle is declining in number. The tiger is an instantly r
19、ecognizable symbol of species preservation, but most people arent familiar with the beetle.This difference is an example of the domination (支配) of the socalled celebrity speciesthe fascinating creatures that nonprofit organizations and government agencies use to raise public interest in conservation
20、. Most nonprofit funds for animal protection go to species such as apes, elephants, big cats, rhinoceroses, and giant pandas. Tigers are often rated the most popular animaland India, home to the majority of these big cats, spent more than $49 million on tiger conservation alone in 2019. Meanwhile, m
21、any lesser known species of fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds weaken in namelessness. Worldwide, more than 35，500 plant and animal species are on the edge of disappearing forever.This leaves us with a tough situation. Conservation is underfunded, so how do we decide which species to save?One pot
22、ential solution, the debatable idea of conservation triage (治疗类选法), holds that experts need to quickly decide which species can be saved while realizing that others cant be saved. Conservationists have developed analytical tools to approach the question in a less emotional, but more practical way. F
23、ish and Wildlife Service now uses this knapsack (背包) methodinspired by a hikers need to fit the most valuable items into a small spaceto_get_the_“most_bang_for_their_buck” in saving species. The method calculates the most efficient conservation strategies using factors such as costs to recover a spe
24、cies and its likelihood of going extinct.9Why is the burying beetle mentioned in the first paragraph?ATo propose a definition.BTo introduce the topic.CTo reach a conclusion.DTo present an argument.10What is the authors attitude to the lesser known species?AConcerned. BUnclear.COptimistic. DIndiffere
25、nt.11What do the underlined words in the last paragraph probably mean?ATo make the best efforts.BTo take the strictest measures.CTo maximize the benefits.DTo avoid the worst dangers.12What will the author probably talk about in the following paragraph?ACauses of some animals endangerment.BOther methods of deciding which species to save.CThe authorities role in reasonable use of funds.DAn appeal for saving the American burying beetle.答题区题号123456789101112答案
