1、绝密启用前英语（二）英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.
2、考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2017 年全国硕士研究生招生考试2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Directions:Section I Use of English Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(lOpoints)People have speculated for centuries about a future without
3、work.Today is no different,with academics,wnters,and act1v1sts once agam 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2:A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different
4、and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one 4 by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of America
5、ns who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for 7 Americans.Also,some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addiction 9 poorly-educated,middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why
6、many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work,a society designed with oth
7、er ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,
8、because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.When I come home from a hard days work,I often feel 18,Danaher says,adding,In a world in which I dont have to work,I might feel rather different perhaps
9、 different enough to throw himself 19 a hob by or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.-1-1.A boastingB denyingC warningD ensuring2.A inequalityB instabilityC unreliabilityD uncertainty3.A policyB guidelineC resolutionD prediction4.A characterized B divided C balanced
10、D measured5.A wisdomB meaningC gloryD freedom6.A InsteadB IndeedC ThusD Nevertheless7.A richB urbanC workingD educated8.A explanation B requirement C compensationD substitute9.A underB beyondC alongsideD among10.A leave behind B make upC worry aboutD set aside11.A statisticallyB occasionally C neces
11、sarilyD economically12.A chancesB downsidesC benefitsD principles13.A absenceB heightC faceD course14.A disturbB restoreC excludeD yield15.A modelB practiceC virtueD hardship16.A trickyB lengthyC mysteriousD scarce17.A demandsB standardsC qualitiesD threats18.A ignoredB tired C confusedD starved19.A
12、 offB againstC behindD into20.A technological B professional C educationalD interpersonalSection II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)-2-Text 1 Every Satur
13、day morning,at 9 am,more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their t
14、imes range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic legacy is failing.Ten years ago on Monday,it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Game
15、s would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012-but the general population was growing faster.Worse,th
16、e numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to inspire a generation.The success of P
17、arkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing
18、 sport and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally grassroots concept as community sports association
19、s.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided ov
20、er selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.-3-21.According to Paragraph 1,Parkrun has.
21、A gained great popularityB created many jobsC strengthened community tiesD become an official festival22.The author believes that Londons Olympic legacy has failed to.A boost population growthB promote sport participationC improve the citys imageD increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is differe
22、nt from Olympic games in that it.A aims at discovering talentsB focuses on mass competitionC does not emphasize elitismD does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sports,the author holds that governments should.A organize grassroots sports eventsB supervise local sports associationsC incre
23、ase funds for sports clubsD invest in public sports facilities25.The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is.A tolerantB criticalC uncertamD sympathetic-4-Text2 With so much focus on childrens use of screens,its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.Tech is de
24、signed to really suck you in,says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by gi
25、ving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Par
26、ents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive-as they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcer
27、ting for the children.Radesky cites the still face experiment devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback:The child becomes increas
28、ingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention.Parents dont have to be exquisitely present at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,says Radesky.On the other hand,Tron
29、ick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting with their children:Its based on a somewhat fantasised,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose yo
30、ur child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of
31、using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.-5-26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed toA simplify routine mattersB absorb user attentionC better in
32、terpersonal relationsD increase work efficiency27.Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothersuse of devicesA takes away babiesappetiteB distracts childrens attentionC slows down babiesverbal developmentD reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky cites the still face experiment to show that.
33、A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC children are insensitive to changes in their parentsmoodD parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to.A p
34、rotect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC ensure constant interaction with their childrenD remain concerned about kidsuse of screens30.According to Tronick,kidsuse of screens may.A give their parents some free timeB make their parents more creativeC
35、help them with their homeworkD help them become more attentive-6-Text3 Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,i
36、f everyone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesnt it?And after going to school for 12 years,it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic.But while this may be true,its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.Theres always
37、 a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated race to the finish line,whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or a lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits-in fact,it probably enhances
38、it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and envi
39、ronmental changes all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If yo
40、ure not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isnt surpris
41、ing,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college.Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes.Its n
42、ot necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things o
43、ut initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.-7-31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that.A they think it academically misleading B they have a lot of fun to expect in college C it feels strange to do differently from others D it seems worthless to
44、 take off-campus courses 32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps.A keep students from being unrealistic B lower risks in choosing careers C ease freshmens financial burdens D relieve freshmen of pressures 33.The word acclimation(Para.3)is closest in meaning to.A adapt
45、ation B application C motlvat10n D competition 34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them.A avoid academic failures B establish long-term goals C switch to another college D decide on the right major 35.The most suitable title for this text would be A In Favor of the Gap Year B The AB
46、Cs of the Gap Year C The Gap Year Comes Back D The Gap Year:ADilemma -8-Text4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and managemen
47、t.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires-nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agencys other work-such as forest conservation,watershe
48、d and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are like
49、ly to be lost to a wildfire?Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,Wait a minute,is this OK?Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?Such a
50、view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate changehow the warming of the Earth from gree呻ousegases is leading to conditions tha
