1、绝密启用前2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题（二)(科目代码：204)微信公众号：djky66(顶尖考研祝您上岸)微信众考生注意事项v661.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须
2、使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy
3、and freedom of speechBut that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 acrossthe WebCan privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seemsincreasingly_3？Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nations cyber-czar,offered the federal governmenta 4 to make the
4、Web a safer place-avoluntary trusted identitysystem that would bethe high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specificcomputer,and would authenticate users at a range of online services.T
5、he idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.Users could9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have beenauthenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that wouldrequire an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google a
6、nd Microsoft are among companies that already have these single sign-onsystems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12,the approach would create a walled gardenin cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a_l3_commun
7、ity.Mr.Schmidt described it as a voluntary ecosystemin which individuals andorganizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of eachother and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs.Still,the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activist
8、s.Some applaud theapproach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push towardwhat would 17 be a compulsory Internetdrivers licensementality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,whoworry that the voluntary ecosystemenvisioned by Mr.
9、Schmidt would still leave muchof the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register andidentify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.英语试题（二)1（共14页)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs board as an outside director in January 200
10、0;a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade sheapparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.But by the end of 2009 Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee;how couldshe have let those enormous bonus payouts
11、pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was just taking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firmsboard.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably haveenou
12、gh independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals.If the sky,and theshare price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on havingweathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000firms and more than 64,
13、000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.Then they simplychecked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likelyreason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those surprisedisappearances by directors under the age of 70.They found that after
14、 a surprise departure,the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased bynearly 20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a
15、correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm issuggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Oftenthey trade up,leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors hav
16、e an easier time of avoiding a blowto their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks,even if a review of historyshows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keeptheir outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outsidedirectors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.英语试题（二)3（共14页)
