1、2007年逐词逐句精讲册Section I Use of English西班牙和葡萄牙前殖民地独立后面临的问题原文朗读词汇讲解第一段1By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.【词汇注释】formerfoma(r)a.以前的independent,ndrpendanta.独立的；自治的colonykplanin.殖民地【结构切分】By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had becomeindependent
2、nations时间状语主语系动词表语【全句译文】到1830年时，西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地已经成为独立国家。2The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to the future.【词汇注释】roughlyrfiad.大约；大致look to sth展望，思考（将来发生的事）millionmjnn.一百万hopefullyhaupfaliad.抱有希望地inhabitantInhabitantn.(某地的)居民【结构切分】The roughly 20 million inhabitants of th
3、ese nations looked hopefully to the future.主语谓语+状语宾语【全句译文】这些国家大约两千万的居民满怀希望地展望着未来。3Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism,many of the leaders of independenceshared the ideals of representative government,careers open to talent,freedom of commerceand trade,the right to private pr
4、operty,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.【词汇注释】crisiskraisIsn.危机regimerer3i:mn.政权Ssstalenttaelantn.人才commercekDm3:sn.商业colonialismk3launializamn.殖民主义tradetredn.贸易；买卖independence,ndipendansn.独立privateprarvata.私人的idealardi:aln.理想propertypropatin.所有物；财产representative,reprzentatva.代
5、议制的beliefbrli:fn.看法：信念careerkaria(r)n.职业individualndrvd3ualn.个人(be)open to sb(机会等)向某人开放【结构切分】Born in the crisis l of the old regime l and Iberian colonialism.,过去分词结构作主语的定语主干many ll of the leaders ll of independence shared the ideals anda beliefa belieff的in the individual as主语谓语宾语1连词宾语2后置定语the basis
6、of society.the ideals的后置定语of representative government,careers open to talent,freedoml of commerce and trade,the right ll to private property.【全句译文】许多独立运动的领导者出生于旧的独裁政权和伊比利亚殖民主义统治岌岌可危的时期，他们都怀揣着“成立代议制政府、向有才能的人开放就业机会、推行自由的商贸活动、承认私有财立所有权”的理想，都相信个人是社会的基础。4Generally there was a belief that the new nations
7、 should be sovereign and independent states,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.【词汇注释】generallyd3enraliad.普遍地；广泛地viablevatabla.能独立发展/生存的sovereignsDvrina.有主权的；完全独立的integrateintigreit.(使)结合，成为一体statesteitn.(政治上所指的)国家commonkDm3na.共同的【结构切分】主句：Generallythere wasa
8、 beliefbelief的thatthe new nationsshould besovereign and independent state:状语there be句型主语同位语从句引导词主语系动词表语1并列谓语(should be)large enough l to be economically viable andshould be)integratedby a common set of laws.系动词表语2连词被动态谓语方式状语【全句译文】他们普遍认为，新国家应该是独立自主的国家，（应该）大到足以在经济上独立，并且(应该)通过一系列共同的法律统一为一个整体。第二段DOn the
9、 issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church,however,there was lessagreement among the leadership.【词汇注释】issueu:n.问题；议题agreement3gri:m3ntn.(意见或看法)一致religionrrlid3ann.宗教among3mgprep,在中positionp3zujnn.地位leadershipIi:dojpn.领导层【结构切分】On the issueof freedom of religion and the position of t
10、he Church,介词短语the issuef的后置定语agreementh的定语主干：however,there wasless agreement among the leadership.插入语there be结构主语agreementf的后置定语【全句译文】（然而/不过）在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导层之间的看法却不那么一致。2Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one allowed by the Spanishcrown.【词汇注释】Catholicismka0 DlasIzamn.天主教alo
11、walau.接受：承认state religion国教crownkraonn.王国政府【结构切分】主干：Roman Catholicismhad beenthe state religionandthe only one主语系动词表语1连词表语2the only onef的后置定语个allowed l by the Spanish crown.【全句译文】罗马天主教过去曾是国教，而且是西班牙王国政府唯一认可的宗教。3While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new stat
12、es,somesought to end the exclusion of other faiths.【词汇注释】seek to do sth设法/试图做某事exclusioniksklu:3nn.排斥maintainmeInteIn.维持：保持faithfe0n.(某一)宗教officialafi1a.官方（授权）的【结构切分】主句：somesought to end the exclusion of other faiths主语谓语宾语让步状语从句While most leaders soughtto maintain Catholicism as the official religio
13、n ll of the new states,引导词主语谓语宾语（不定式中包含maintain A as Ba结构）【全句译文】尽管大多数领导者试图继续将天主教作为新国家的官方宗教，但也有一部分领导者试图结束对其他宗教的排斥。或：大多数领导者试图继续将天主教作为新国家的官方宗教，而一部分领导者试图结束对其他宗教的排斥。4The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.【词汇注释】defensedrfensn.保卫；捍卫conservativekans3 vativa.保守的；守I旧的rall
14、ying cry(团结众人的)战斗口号，信念forcefosn,有影响力的人；势力【结构切分】The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.主语系动词表语状语【全句译文】捍卫教会成为了保守势力的战斗口号。3【词汇注释】tributetribju:tn.(一国向他国交纳的)贡金originord3Inn.出身；血统mixedmksta.由不同种族的人组成的revenuerevanju:n.(税收)收入【结构切分】主句：Early promisesto end Indian tribute a
15、nd taxes on people of mixed origincamemuch slower主语promises的后置定语谓语状语原因状语从句because the new nationsstill needed the revenuethe revenue(that/which)such policiesproduced引导词主语状语谓语宾语的定语从句引导词作宾语主语谓语【全句译文】新国家早先做出的“取消向印第安人收取贡金、向混合人种征税”的承诺（则）很晚才兑现，因为它们仍需要这些政策带来的收入。5Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered b
16、y fears that the mass of the population wasunprepared for self-rule and democracy.【词汇注释】sentimentsentim:3ntn.观，点：情绪体居民tempertempa(r)v.使缓和：使变淡unpreparedAnprtpeada,未准备好the mass of大多数self-ruleselfruln.自治population.pDpjulenn.(某一地区的)全democracydrmDkrasin.民主制度【结构切分】主句：Egalitarian sentimentswere often tempe
17、redby fears主语被动态谓语+状语状语fears的同位语从句thatthe mass of the population wasunpreparedfor self-rule and democracy引导词主语系动词表语状语【全句译文】平等主义情绪往往因担心大多数民众对自治和民主未做好准备而有所淡化。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传第一段原文朗读词汇讲解1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in
18、 2006s World Cuptournament,you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk:elite soccer players are more likelyto have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.【词汇注释】examineIgzamin.(仔细地)检查，审查World Cup tournament世界杯（足球）锦标赛certificatesatifrkatn.证明；证明书noteworthyn3utw3:dia.值得注意的；显著的5
