1、绝密启用前英语（二）英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.
2、考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Directions:Section I Use of English Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(lOpoints)Happy people work differently.Theyre more
3、productive,more creative,and willing to take greater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent research paper.2,伍msin happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).Thats
4、 because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities average happiness 6 by Gallup polli
5、ng with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough,fim函 investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8.But is it really happiness thats linked to investment,or could something else about happier cities 9 why 伍ms there sp
6、end more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make伍ms more likely to investlike size,industry,and salesand for indicators that a place was 11 to live in,like growth in wages or population.The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting
7、for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors 13 to less codified decision making process and the possible presence ofyounger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.The relationship was 15
8、 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view,the authors believe it at le
9、ast 18 at that possibility.Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future.It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,said one researcher.-1-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料1
10、.A whyB howC whereD when2.A In returnB In particularC In contrastD In conclusion3.A necessaryB famousC perfectD sufficient4.A individualism B realismC optimismD modernism5.A missB echoC spoilD change6.A imaginedB measuredC assumedD invented7.A SureB OddC Unfortunate D Often8.A dividedB advertisedC o
11、vertaxedD headquartered9.A summarizeB overstateC explainD emphasize10.A factorsB stagesC levelsD methods11.A desirableB sociableC reliableD reputable12.A resumedB emergedC heldD broke13.A assign B attributeC transferD compare14.A seriousB civilizedC ambitiousD experienced15.A insteadB thusC alsoD ne
12、ver16.A rapidlyB directlyC regularlyD equally17.A WhileB UntilCAfterD Since18.A arrivesBjumpsC hintsD strikes19.A shareB rediscoverC simplifyD shape20.A pray forB lean towardsC send outD give awaySection II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions af
13、ter each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)-2-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text 1 Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said Tom Cort
14、ina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that its not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbersbut a tool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses
15、.Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs g
16、ap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started
17、as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,but we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in,said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students are developing sugge
18、sts movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the Ruby on Rails language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they
19、 learnhow to think logically through a problem and organize the resultsapply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehom,an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the
20、 classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computersin their pockets,in their offices,in their homesfor the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think,how to凶埜the machine into producing what they wantthe earlier they learn that they have the power to do thatthe better.-3-关
21、注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes 1t easier to.A complete future job trainingB remodel the way of thinkingC formulate logical hypothesesD perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their.A expenenceB in
22、terestC career prospectsD academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehom believes that the skills learned at Flatiron willA help students learn other computer languagesB have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC need improving when students look for jobsD enable students to make big quick money24.Accor
23、ding to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to.A bring forth innovative computer technologiesB stay longer in the information technology industryC become better prepared for the digitalized worldD compete with a future army of programmers25.The word coax(Line 4,Para.6)is closest in mea
24、ning to.A persuadeB frightenC misguideD challenge-4-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text2 Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickensa kind of bird living on stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestem and southwestern United States.But just some 22,0
25、00 birds remain today,occupying about 16%of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,ho
26、wever,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered,a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the threatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less co
27、nfrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95%of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agenc
28、y said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as
29、part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over
30、 the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(W AFW A),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let states remain in the drivers seat for managing the species,Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Cong
31、ress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly,industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far;enviromnentalists say it doesnt go far enough.The federal governme
32、nt is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,says biologist Jay Lininger.-5-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is.A its drastically decreased populationB the underestimate of the gr
33、assland acreageC a desperate appeal from some biologistsD the insistence of private landowners27.The threatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it.A was a give-in to governmental pressureB would involve fewer agencies in actionC granted less federal regulatory powerD went against con
34、servation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not beprosecuted if theyA agree to pay a sum for compensationB volunteer to set up an equally big habitatC offer to support the W AFW A monitoringjobD promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to
35、 Ashe,the leading role in managing the species is.A the federal governmentB the wildlife agenciesC the landownersD the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support.A industry groupsB the win-win rhetoricC environmental groupsD the plan under challenge-6-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text3 That everyones too
36、 busy these days is a cliche.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:Theres never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient.The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read:Give up TV or Carry a b
37、ook with you at all times.But in my experience,using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need.The modem mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and cr
38、itic,writes,is overwhelmingly inclined toward con皿unicationIt is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,becoming more effici
39、ent is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instnunentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.Immersive reading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even
40、time-wasting.Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused readinguseful,sometimes,but not the most fulfilling kind.The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and we feel a pr
41、essure to fill these different-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them.No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.Youd think this might fue
42、l the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviour helps us step outside times flow into soul time.You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.Carry a book with you at all times can actually work,tooproviding you dip in often
43、enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day,it no longer feels as if youre making time to read,but just reading,and making time for everything else.-7-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料31.The usual time-
44、management techniques dont work because.A what they can offer does not ease the modem mind B what challenging books demand is repetitive reading C what people often forget is carrying a book with them D what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 32.The empty bottles metaphor illustrates that pe
45、ople feel a pressure to.A update their to-do lists B make passing time fulfilling C carry their plans through D pursue carefree reading 33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps.A encourage the efficiency mind-set B develop online reading habits C promote ritualistic read
46、ing D achieve immersive reading 34.Carry a book with you at all times can work if.A reading becomes your primary business of the day B all the daily business has been promptly dealt with C you are able to drop back to business after reading D time can be evenly split for reading and business 35.The
47、best title for this text could be A How to Enjoy Easy Reading B How to Find Time to Read C How to Set Reading Goals D How to Read Extensively -8-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text4 Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road ma
48、p to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life,including getting married,having children,owning a home,and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the f
49、inish line of a fulfilling life,they off er strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,to
50、favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,the survey found.From career to community and famil
