1、浙江农业学报 Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2023,35(1):146 155http:/www zjnyxb cn杨胜竹,李响,李朝文,等 贵州省烟草青枯病害区根际土壤养分及酶活性特征分析J 浙江农业学报,2023,35(1):146 155DOI:10.3969/j issn 1004-1524.2023.01.16收稿日期:2021-09-21基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31760133);贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础 2017 0106,黔科合平台人才 2017 5788 号);贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL 2017 009)作者简介:杨胜竹
2、(1998),女,贵州镇远人,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物营养。E-mail:1228513475 qq com*通信作者,刘丽,E-mail:lliu7 gzu edu cn贵州省烟草青枯病害区根际土壤养分及酶活性特征分析杨胜竹1,李响1,李朝文1,2,陈海念1,刘丽1,2,*,陆引罡1,2,3,曹卓洋4(1 贵州大学 农学院,贵州 贵阳 550025;2 贵州大学 新型肥料资源与技术研究所,贵州 贵阳 550025;3 贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025;4 上海市环境保护信息中心,上海 200235)摘要:本文采用多点随机区组设计,以黔东南低山丘陵区(中亚热带季风性暖湿
3、气候)、黔中丘陵盆地区(北亚热带季风湿润气候)和黔西北高原山地区(亚热带季风性湿润气候)三大气候区为研究区域,研究了贵州省不同气候下健康烟株和患青枯病烟株根际土壤养分及酶活性的差异,以及气候对此差异的影响,为从土壤肥力和酶活性方向探索青枯病害发生规律并进行病害预防提供理论依据。结果表明:与健康烟株相比,患病烟株根际土壤的 pH 值、有效磷和脲酶活性分别显著降低了 4.66%、25.98%和 21.92%;而有机质、阳离子交换量(CEC)、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、全钾和速效钾含量及过氧化氢酶活性均显著提高,且升高趋势在高海拔的亚热带季风性湿润气候下更为明显;Pearson 相关性分析表明,健康处理的
4、受测指标间呈显著相关性的指标更多且相关性更强;因子分析表明,根际土壤 pH 值、脲酶和磷酸酶活性偏低及 CEC、全氮、全磷和速效钾含量及过氧化氢酶活性偏高有可能使烟草更易患青枯病;通过逐步判别分析可知,由土壤 pH 值、CEC、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾所构建的判别模型判别准确率达 100%,可对未知植烟土壤上烟株是否易患青枯病进行预测预报。可见,烟草根际土壤 CEC、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾偏高和土壤 pH 偏低可能更易使烟草患青枯病害,调控根际营养平衡对提高土壤抑病能力和构建抑病型土壤具有重要作用。关键词:烟草;青枯病;土壤养分;土壤酶;气候中图分类号:S572文献标志码:A文章编号:1004-15
5、24(2023)01-0146-10Characteristics of soil nutrients and enzyme activities in rhizosphere of tobacco affected bybacterial wilt in Guizhou Province,ChinaYANG Shengzhu1,LI Xiang1,LI Chaowen1,2,CHEN Hainian1,LIU Li1,2,*,LU Yingang1,2,3,CAO Zhuoyang4(1 College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 55
6、0025,China;2 Institute of New Fertilizer Resources andTechnology,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;3 Guizhou Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research,Guiyang 550025,China;4 Shanghai Environmental Protection Information Center,Shanghai 200235,China)Abstract:To explore the occurrence regularit
7、y of tobacco bacterial wilt and provide theoretical basis for disease pre-vention in the respect of soil fertility and enzyme activity,the difference of rhizosphere nutrients and enzyme activitiesbetween healthy tobacco and diseased tobacco which suffered from bacterial wilt in Guizhou Province and
8、the effectsof climate on this difference were studied with multi-site randomized complete block design in three climate zonesnamed mountain-hill areas of southeastern Guizhou(mid-subtropical monsoon humid climate),the hilly basin of cen-tral Guizhou(northern subtropical monsoon humid climate)and the
9、 plateau mountainous area of northwesternGuizhou(subtropical monsoon humid climate)The results showed that compared with the healthy,rhizosphere soilpH,available phosphorus and urease activity of the diseased were significantly reduced by 4.66%,25.98%and21.92%,respectively;while organic matter,CEC,t
10、otal nitrogen,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available potassium and catalase activities were significantly higher,respectively,and the risingtrend was more obvious in the humid subtropical monsoon climate at high altitude Pearson correlation analysis re-vealed that th
11、e correlation between tested indexes of the healthy was more and stronger than the diseased Factor a-nalysis made the conclusion more clear that the lower the pH,urease and phosphatase activity and the higher CEC,total nitrogen,total phosphorus available potassium and catalase activities,tobacco mig
12、ht be more susceptible to bac-terial wilt The stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that the discrimination model whose discriminant accuracywas 100%was constructed by soil pH,CEC,total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and available potassium,which could predict the susceptibility of tobacco
13、 plants to bacterial wilt in unknown soil In conclusion,tobacco rhi-zosphere soil CEC,total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium were higher and soil pHwas lower,which might be more susceptible to tobacco wilt disease Regulation of rhizosphere nutrients balance willplay an
14、 important role in improving soil suppressive ability to bacterial wilt and constructing disease-resistant soilKey words:tobacco;bacterial wilt;soil nutrients;soil enzyme;climate根际是植物根系与土壤的纽带,是土壤最活跃的微区域1 2,根际环境会影响作物生产力、养分效率,以及病害的发病率与病情指数,对植物的生长和健康至关重要3 4。青枯病是由茄科劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的最严重的烟草土
15、传病害之一,危害着中国多个植烟区5。烟草发生青枯病害,其根际环境必然适宜于病原菌存活,并展现出异于健康烟草根际环境的特征。如与健康烟草根际环境相比,罹病烟株土壤 pH 值、有机质及速效养分含量(碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等)6、过氧化氢酶活性、转化酶活性7 等通常较低。但植烟区域所处地区不一致,其光温水条件等存在一定差异,不同地区二者之间根际环境特征的差异可能并不相同。如清江流域烟区研究结果表明,土壤有机质、有机氮含量偏高导致烟草青枯病发生严重8,而重庆烟区的土壤有机质含量偏低导致青枯病严重发生9;重庆市彭水县10 和重庆市黔江植9 烟区关于碱解氮与烟草发病率的关系也不尽一致。近三年贵州烟草种植总
16、面积占全国总种植面积的 12.2%,常年来稳居全国第二,在国内甚至全球的烟草市场上都有着巨大的竞争力11。然而,该省气候复杂,属典型立体气候,致使黔东南低山丘陵区、黔中丘陵盆地区和黔西北川南高原山地区 3 个植烟区域的烟草青枯病发生流行轻重程度各不相同12。此外,受喀斯特地形地貌限制,贵州省耕地资源极其贫乏,即使烟草是忌连作的植物13,连作现象仍普遍发生14。由于劳尔氏菌在无寄主的情况下仍能在土壤中长期存活并具有高度可变性15,贵州省青枯病害频频爆发,连作更是加剧了此病害。改善土壤理化条件、保证土壤营养平衡是控制土传病害发生流行的关键8 9,但是目前关于贵州省不同气候区土壤营养状况与烟草青枯病发生的关系尚缺乏系统研究和分析。因此,本研究以上述 3 个气候区为研究区域,分析贵州省患青枯病烟区健康和患病烟株根际土壤理化性质及酶活性特征,摸清气候对青枯病发生与否的烟草根际土壤养分及酶活性特征差异的影响,为从土壤营养方向研究烟草青枯病的防控提供理论基础。1材料与方法1.1研究区域概况本研究以贵州省中亚热带季风性暖湿气候黔东南低山丘陵区、北亚热带季风湿润气候黔中丘陵盆地区和亚热带季风性湿润气候黔